Identification of Matrix Mineralization-Related Genes in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Using cDNA Microarray
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치주인대세포는 시험관적 실험에서 광물화 결절형성을 유도할 수 있으므로 광물화 결절형성에 관여하는 유전자들을 특이하게 발현할 것으로 여겨진다. 이에 본 실험은 cDNA microarray를 이용한 동시 유전자분석을 시행하여 치주인대세포의 분화에 의한 광물화 결절형성시 나타나는 유전자의 특징적 발현 양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 교정치료를 목적으로 경북대학교병원에 내원한 환자의 제일소구치를 발치하여 통상적 방법으로 치주인대세포를 분리, 배양하였고, 3세대의 치주인대세포를 사용하여 실험을 시행하였다. 치주인대세포를 100 mm 배양접시에 넣고 배양하여 매 2일 마다 배지를 교환해 주고, 10% FBS 만을 투여한 군을 대조군으로, ascorbic acid (50 ㎍/㎖), β-glycerophosphate (10 mM) 및 100 nM dexamethasone을 투여한 군을 실험군으로 하였다. 배양된 치주인대세포에 ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate, 그리고 dexamethasone을 투여한 실험군에서 21일째 광물화된 결정을 관찰할 수 있었으나 대조군에서는 관찰할 수 없었다. 3063개의 유전자를 분석한 결과 35개 유전자가 대조군에 비해 2배이상 발현이 증가하였고, 38개 유전자는 2배이상 발현이 감소하였다. 형태학적 검사에서 보여준 바와 같이 광물화 형성과정시 관여하는 IGF-II과 IGFBP2와 같은 유전자가 실험군에서 증가하였으며, 세포골격과 세포외기질 형성에 관여하는 proteogycan 1, fibulin-5, keratin 5, β-actin, α-smooth muscle actin, capping protein 등도 발현이 실험군에서 증가하였다. 한편 periostin and S100 calcium-binding protein A4는 대조군에서 오히려 높게 나타나므로 이는 배양된 치주인대세포가 그 자체의 표현형을 유지하고 있음을 보여 주고 있다. 그 외 apoptosis를 유발시키는데 관여하는 Dkk-1와 Nip3는 실험군에서 높게 발현되었고, apoptosis를 억제시키는데 관여하는 Btf와 TAX1BP1는 오히려 낮게 발현됨을 알 수 있으므로 이는 실험군에서 치주인대세포가 골아세포로의 분화되었음을 나타낸다.
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