CpG Island Hypermethylation in Gastric Carcinoma and Its Premalignant Lesions
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Gastric cancers arise through a multistep process characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular alterations in which genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated. Gastric cancer is one of the human malignancies in which aberrant promoter CpG island hypermethylation is frequently found. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus, which are known carcinogens for gastric cancer, are closely associated with enhanced hypermethylation of CpG island loci in gastric non-neoplastic epithelial cells and cancer cells, respectively. Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation occurs early in the multistep cascade of gastric carcinogenesis and tends to increase with the step-wise progression of the lesion. Approximately 400 genes that are actively expressed in normal gastric epithelial cells are estimated to be inactivated in gastric cancers as a result of promoter CpG island hypermethylation. In this review, a variety of information is summarized regarding CpG island hypermethylation in gastric cancer.
Abstract
Gastric cancers arise through a multistep process characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular alterations in which genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated. Gastric cancer is one of the human malignancies in which aberrant promoter CpG island hypermethylation is frequently found. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus, which are known carcinogens for gastric cancer, are closely associated with enhanced hypermethylation of CpG island loci in gastric non-neoplastic epithelial cells and cancer cells, respectively. Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation occurs early in the multistep cascade of gastric carcinogenesis and tends to increase with the step-wise progression of the lesion. Approximately 400 genes that are actively expressed in normal gastric epithelial cells are estimated to be inactivated in gastric cancers as a result of promoter CpG island hypermethylation. In this review, a variety of information is summarized regarding CpG island hypermethylation in gastric cancer.
참고문헌 (78)
- Saxonov S, "A genome-wide analysis of CpG dinucleotides in the human genome distinguishes two distinct classes of promoters", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, pp.1412~1417 (2006)
- Esteller M, "A gene hypermethylation profile of human cancer", Cancer Res, 61, pp.3225~3229 (2001)
- Baylin SB, "Alterations in DNA methylation: a fundamental aspect of neoplasia", Adv Cancer Res, 72, pp.141~196 (1998)
- Seog Yun Park, "Methylation Profiles of CpG Island Loci in Major Types of Human Cancers", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 22(2), pp.311~317 (2007), 대한의학회
- Lee YY, "Alterations of p16INK4A and p15INK4B genes in gastric carcinomas", Cancer, 80, pp.1889~1896 (1997)
- Yamashita S, "Chemical genomic screening for methylation-silenced genes in gastric cancer cell lines using 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine treatment and oligonucleotide microarray", Cancer Sci, 97, pp.64~71 (2006)
- Kang GH, "CpG island methylation in premalignant stages of gastric carcinoma", Cancer Res, 61, pp.2847~2851 (2001)
- Kang GH, "Profile of aberrant CpG island methylation along multistep gastric carcinogenesis", Lab Invest, 83, pp.519~526 (2003)
- Yoo EJ, "Comparison of CpG island hypermethylation and repetitive DNA hypomethylation in premalignant stages of gastric cancer, stratified for Helicobacter pylori infection", Journal of Pathology, 219(4), pp.410~416 (2009), John Wiley & Sons Inc.
- Chan AO, "Promoter methylation of E-cadherin gene in gastric mucosa associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and in gastric cancer", Gut, 52, pp.502~506 (2003)
- Waki T, "Promoter methylation status of E-cadherin, hMLH1, and p16 genes in nonneoplastic gastric epithelia", Am J Pathol, 161, pp.399~403 (2002)
- Kang GH, "Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation of chronic gastritis, in relation to aging, gender, intestinal metaplasia, and chronic inflammation", Am J Pathol, 163, pp.1551~1556 (2003)
- Chan AO, "Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection reverses E-cadherin promoter hypermethylation", Gut, 55, pp.463~468 (2006)
- Leung WK, "Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on methylation status of E-cadherin gene in noncancerous stomach", Clin Cancer Res, 12, pp.3216~3221 (2006)
- Ushijima T, "DNA methylation as a marker for the past and future", J Gastroenterol, 41, pp.401~407 (2006)
- Hmadcha A, "Methylation-dependent gene silencing induced by interleukin 1beta via nitric oxide production", J Exp Med, 190, pp.1595~1604 (1999)
- Qian X, "E-cadherin promoter hypermethylation induced by interleukin-1beta treatment or H. pylori infection in human gastric cancer cell lines", Cancer Lett, 263, pp.107~113 (2008)
- Niwa T, "Inflammatory processes triggered by Helicobacter pylori infection cause aberrant DNA methylation in gastric epithelial cells", Cancer Res, 70, pp.1430~1440 (2010)
- 허근, "Insufficient role of cell proliferation in aberrant DNA methylation induction and involvement of specific types of inflammation", CARCINOGENESIS, 32(1), pp.35~41, OXFORD UNIV PRESS
- Illingworth R, "A novel CpG island set identifies tissue-specific methylation at developmental gene loci", PLoS Biol, 6, pp.22~ (2008)
- Shen L, "Genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation reveals a class of normally methylated CpG island promoters", PLoS Genet, 3, pp.2023~2036 (2007)
- Issa JP, "Methylation of the oestrogen receptor CpG island links ageing and neoplasia in human colon", Nat Genet, 7, pp.536~540 (1994)
- Ahuja N, "Aging and DNA methylation in colorectal mucosa and cancer", Cancer Res, 58, pp.5489~5494 (1998)
- Drumm B, "Intrafamilial clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection", N Engl J Med, 322, pp.359~363 (1990)
- Chan AO, "Gene methylation in non-neoplastic mucosa of gastric cancer: age or Helicobacter pylori related?", Am J Pathol, 163, pp.370~371 (2003)
- Maekita T, "High levels of aberrant DNA methylation in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosae and its possible association with gastric cancer risk", Clin Cancer Res, 12(3 Pt 1), pp.989~995 (2006)
- 박석연, "Aberrant CpG Island Hypermethylation in Pediatric Gastric Mucosa in Association With Helicobacter pylori Infection", ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY LABORATORY MEDICINE, 135(6), pp.759~765, COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS
- Barzily-Rokni M, "Synergism between DNA methylation and macroH2A1 occupancy in epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor gene p16(CDKN2A)", Nucleic Acids Res, 39, pp.1326~1335 (2011)
- Leung WK, "Concurrent hypermethylation of multiple tumor-related genes in gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues", Cancer, 91, pp.2294~2301 (2001)
- Honmyo U, "Clinicopathological analysis of synchronous multiple gastric carcinoma", Eur J Surg Oncol, 15, pp.316~321 (1989)
- Marrano D, "Synchronous and metachronous cancer of the stomach", Eur J Surg Oncol, 13, pp.493~498 (1987)
- Nakajima T, "Higher methylation levels in gastric mucosae significantly correlate with higher risk of gastric cancers", Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 15, pp.2317~2321 (2006)
- Kaise M, "CpG island hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes in H. pylori-infected non-neoplastic gastric mucosa is linked with gastric cancer risk", Helicobacter, 13, pp.35~41 (2008)
- Stemmermann GN, "Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach: a status report", Cancer, 74, pp.556~564 (1994)
- Shimoyama T, "Evaluation of the applicability of the gastric carcinoma risk index for intestinal type cancer in Japanese patients infected with Helicobacter pylori", Virchows Arch, 436, pp.585~587 (2000)
- Buffart TE, "MAL promoter hypermethylation as a novel prognostic marker in gastric cancer", Br J Cancer, 99, pp.1802~1807 (2008)
- de Maat MF, "Epigenetic silencing of cyclooxygenase-2 affects clinical outcome in gastric cancer", J Clin Oncol, 25, pp.4887~4894 (2007)
- Kato K, "Methylated TMS1 and DAPK genes predict prognosis and response to chemotherapy in gastric cancer", Int J Cancer, 122, pp.603~608 (2008)
- Jin SH, "IQGAP2 inactivation through aberrant promoter methylation and promotion of invasion in gastric cancer cells", Int J Cancer, 122, pp.1040~1046 (2008)
- Otsubo T, "SOX2 is frequently downregulated in gastric cancers and inhibits cell growth through cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis", Br J Cancer, 98, pp.824~831 (2008)
- Wanajo A, "Methylation of the calcium channel-related gene, CACNA2D3, is frequent and a poor prognostic factor in gastric cancer", Gastroenterology, 135, pp.580~590 (2008)
- 라선영, "Promoter Methylation of the Wnt", beta-Catenin Signaling Antagonist Dkk-3 Is Associated With Poor Survival in Gastric Cancer, 200901, pp.115(1), 49~60
- 김진, "Identification of genes epigenetically silenced by CpG methylation in human gastric carcinoma", European Journal of Cancer, 45(7), pp.1282~1293, Pergamon Press Ltd.
- Chen X, "Cystatin M expression is reduced in gastric carcinoma and is associated with promoter hypermethylation", Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 391, pp.1070~1074 (2010)
- Herman JG, "Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, pp.9821~9826 (1996)
- Toyota M, "CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, pp.8681~8686 (1999)
- 김명진, "CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer", NATURE GENETICS, 38(7), pp.787~793, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
- Ogino S, "Molecular classification and correlates in colorectal cancer", J Mol Diagn, 10, pp.13~27 (2008)
- 김정호, "Prognostic implications of CpG island hypermethylator phenotype in colorectal cancers", VIRCHOWS ARCHIV, 455, pp.485~494, Springer
- Toyota M, "Aberrant methylation in gastric cancer associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype", Cancer Res, 59, pp.5438~5442 (1999)
- Enomoto S, "Lack of association between CpG island methylator phenotype in human gastric cancers and methylation in their background non-cancerous gastric mucosae", Cancer Sci, 98, pp.1853~1861 (2007)
- Chang MS, "CpG island methylation status in gastric carcinoma with and without infection of Epstein-Barr virus", Clin Cancer Res, 12, pp.2995~3002 (2006)
- Kang GH, "Epstein-barr virus-positive gastric carcinoma demonstrates frequent aberrant methylation of multiple genes and constitutes CpG island methylator phenotype-positive gastric carcinoma", Am J Pathol, 160, pp.787~794 (2002)
- Kusano M, "Genetic, epigenetic, and clinicopathologic features of gastric carcinomas with the CpG island methylator phenotype and an association with Epstein-Barr virus", Cancer, 106, pp.1467~1479 (2006)
- Oue N, "DNA methylation of multiple genes in gastric carcinoma: association with histological type and CpG island methylator phenotype", Cancer Sci, 94, pp.901~905 (2003)
- An C, "Prognostic significance of CpG island methylator phenotype and microsatellite instability in gastric carcinoma", Clin Cancer Res, 11(2 Pt 1), pp.656~663 (2005)
- Park SY, "CpG island hypermethylator phenotype in gastric carcinoma and its clinicopathological features", Virchows Arch, 457, pp.415~422 (2010)
- Imai S, "Gastric carcinoma: monoclonal epithelial malignant cells expressing Epstein-Barr virus latent infection protein", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, pp.9131~9135 (1994)
- Fukayama M, "Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma and Epstein-Barr virus infection of the stomach", Lab Invest, 71, pp.73~81 (1994)
- Fukayama M, "Epstein-Barr virus and gastric carcinoma: virus-host interactions leading to carcinoma", Cancer Sci, 99, pp.1726~1733 (2008)
- Kang GH, "DNA methylation profiles of gastric carcinoma characterized by quantitative DNA methylation analysis", Lab Invest, 88, pp.161~170 (2008)
- Etoh T, "Increased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) protein expression correlates significantly with poorer tumor differentiation and frequent DNA hypermethylation of multiple CpG islands in gastric cancers", Am J Pathol, 164, pp.689~699 (2004)
- Hino R, "Activation of DNA methyltransferase 1 by EBV latent membrane protein 2A leads to promoter hypermethylation of PTEN gene in gastric carcinoma", Cancer Res, 69, pp.2766~2774 (2009)
- 김현기, "High microsatellite instability predicts good prognosis in intestinal-type gastric cancers", JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, 26(3), pp.585~592 (2011), BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PTY LTD
- Gylling A, "Is gastric cancer part of the tumour spectrum of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer? A molecular genetic study", Gut, 56, pp.926~933 (2007)
- Kang GH, "Profile of aberrant CpG island methylation along the multistep pathway of gastric carcinogenesis", Lab Invest, 83, pp.635~641 (2003)
- Park SJ, "Frequent CpG island methylation in precursor lesions and early gastric adenocarcinomas", ONCOGENE, 23(26), pp.4646~4654 (2004), NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
- Ling ZQ, "Microsatellite instability with promoter methylation and silencing of hMLH1 can regionally occur during progression of gastric carcinoma", Cancer Lett, 297, pp.244~251 (2010)
- Saito Y, "Specific activation of microRNA-127 with downregulation of the proto-oncogene BCL6 by chromatin-modifying drugs in human cancer cells", Cancer Cell, 9, pp.435~443 (2006)
- Sato F, "MicroRNAs and epigenetics", FEBS J, 278, pp.1598~1609 (2011)
- Saito Y, "Chromatin remodeling at Alu repeats by epigenetic treatment activates silenced microRNA-512-5p with downregulation of Mcl-1 in human gastric cancer cells", Oncogene, 28, pp.2738~2744 (2009)
- Tsukamoto Y, "MicroRNA-375 is downregulated in gastric carcinomas and regulates cell survival by targeting PDK1 and 14-3-3zeta", Cancer Res, 70, pp.2339~2349 (2010)
- Wada R, "miR-212 is downregulated and suppresses methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 in human gastric cancer", Int J Cancer, 127, pp.1106~1114 (2010)
- Tsai KW, "Epigenetic regulation of miR-196b expression in gastric cancer", Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 49, pp.969~980 (2010)
- Chen Q, "miR-137 is frequently down-regulated in gastric cancer and is a negative regulator of Cdc42", Dig Dis Sci, 56, pp.2009~2016 (2011)
- Shen R, "Epigenetic repression of microRNA-129-2 leads to overexpression of SOX4 in gastric cancer", Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 394, pp.1047~1052 (2010)
- Ando T, "DNA methylation of microRNA genes in gastric mucosae of gastric cancer patients: its possible involvement in the formation of epigenetic field defect", Int J Cancer, 124, pp.2367~2374 (2009)
- Suzuki H, "Methylation-associated silencing of microRNA-34b", c in gastric cancer and its involvement in an epigenetic field defect, 2010, pp.31, 2066~2073
