고관절 주위 골절 환자에서 알렌드로네이트 투여 후 복용 지속성 및 골밀도의 변화
Persistency and Change of the Bone Mineral Density with Alendronate Treatment after Hip Fracture
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목적: 고관절 주위 골절 후 골다공증을 진단받은 환자에서 알렌드로네이트 투여 후 골밀도의 변화와 복용 지속성 및 부작용에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 3월부터 2007년 2월까지 고관절 주위 골절로 수술을 시행한 452명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였으며 대퇴 경부 골절 218예, 대퇴 전자간 골절 234예이었다. 평균연령은 73.4세(60~95세)이었으며 남자 198명, 여자 254명이었다. 입원 중 골밀도 검사 후 골다공증으로 진단된 환자는 348명이었으며 이 중 알렌드로네이트를 처방 받았던 환자는 102명이었다. 약물 복용 지속성에 대해 조사하였으며 1년 이상 복용한 환자들의 골밀도 변화를 분석하였다. 최초 골밀도 검사시 측정된 T-점수 및 수술 방법에 따른 골밀도의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 알렌드로네이트의 부작용 및 복용 중지 사유를 알아보았다. 결과: 고관절 주위 골절 후 골다공증을 진단받은 환자의 알렌드로네이트 처방률은 29.3%이었으며 1년 이상의 복용 지속률은 33%이었다. 골밀도 변화량은 요추부는 각각 9.11%, 4.5%, 3.5%로 매년 증가 양상을 나타내었으며 근위 대퇴부는 각각 -1.89%, -1.38%, -0.97%로 매년 감소 양상을 나타내었다. 최초 측정된 T-점수에 따른 요추(L) 및 근위 대퇴부(F) 골밀도의 변화량은 T-점수<-4.0인 경우, 11%(L), 1.1%(F)로 나타났으며, T-점수 -4.0~-3.0인 경우,6.3%(L), 0.9%(F)이었으며, T-점수>-3.0인 경우, 3.8%(L), -3.5%(F)이었다. 대퇴 경부 골절로 인공 관절 부분치환술을 시행한 경우, 골밀도 변화량은 최종 추시시 15.6%(L), -3.9%(F)이었다. 대퇴 전자간 골절로 압박고 나사 고정술을 시행한 경우는 변화량이 18.7%(L)와 0.77%(F)이었으며, 인공 관절 부분치환술을 시행한 경우는 24.2%(L)와 1.19%(F)이었다. 약물 복용 중단사유는 위장관계 부작용(19.1%)이 가장 많았다. 결론: 골다공증이 동반된 고관절 주위 골절의 경우 알렌드로네이트 처방률과 복약 지속률이 낮으므로 적극적인 골다공증 치료제의 처방과 지속적인 복약을 하도록 교육하는 것이 필요할 것으로생각된다. 또한 알렌드로네이트 투여 후에도 대퇴 근위부 골밀도에 경도의 감소가 있었으나 고관절골절 수술 후 알렌드로네이트의 투여는 급격한 골밀도 감소 예방에 기여하였을 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of alendronate on bone mineral density (BMD) and to determine the persistency and side effects of alendronate treatment after hip fractures. Materials and Methods: 452 patients who underwent surgery for hip fractures from March 2000 to February 2007were retrospectively included. The hip fractures consisted of 218 cases of femur neck fractures and 234 cases of intertrochanteric fractures. There were 254 women and 198 men with a mean age of 73.4 years (range: 60~95 years) at the time of surgery. The BMD was assessed in 398 patients and 348 were diagnosed with osteoporosis, while 102received alendronate for treatment. The persistency with alendronate treatment and change of the BMD were evaluated annually. We also evaluated the side effects and reasons for discontinuation. Results: The prescription rate of alendronate was 29.3% and the persistency rate over 1 year was 33%. The annual BMD of the lumbar spine showed a 9.11% increase the first year, a 4.5% increase the second year and a 3.5%increase the third year, while negative changes were noted in the proximal femur as a 1.89% decrease the first year, a 1.38% decrease the second year and a 0.97% decrease the third year. The BMD changes were 11%(L: Lumbar spine)and 1.1%(F: Femur) for the T-scores <-4.0, 6.3%(L) and 0.9%(F) for the T-scores -3.0~-4.0, and 3.8%(L) and -3.5%(F) for the T-scores >-3.0, respectively. The BMD changes in the patients with femur neck fractures and who were treated with hemiarthroplasty were 15.6%(L) and -3.9%(F). The BMD changes in the patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures and who were treated with compression hip screws or hemiarthroplasty were 18.7%(L),0.77%(F), 24.2%(L) and 1.19%(F), respectively. Gastrointestinal problems(19.1%) were the most common cause for discontinuation of alendronate. Conclusion: It is important for doctors to approach osteoporosis more carefully and educate patients to follow the prescriptions in order to improve the low prescription and persistency rates for the management of osteoporotic hip fractures. Administration of alendronate may have a positive influence on the BMD of the proximal femur by lowering the rate of decreased BMD more than would be expected.
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