인공고관절 전치환술에서 보편적 측방 도달법과 단일 절개 최소 침습적 측방 도달법과의 비교 분석
Comparative Analysis of Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) Performed with Conventional or Single-incision, Minimally Invasive (MIS) Direct Lateral Approach
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목적: 인공고관절 전치환술 시 기존의 직접 측방 절개법(15~20 cm)과 최소 침습적 측방 절개법(<8 cm)으로 시행한 술례를 비 교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 직접 측방 접근법으로 시행된 총 80예의 인공고관절 전치환술을 대상으로 최소 침습 절개 군과 기존의 절개 군을 40명씩 무작위으로 구분하였으며 기존 절개 군은 Hardinge 접근법을 사용하였으며 최소 침습 절개 군은 대전자부 첨단을 중심 으로 전상방에서 후하방으로 8 cm 정도의 피부절개를 하였다. 결과: 피부 절개에서 봉합까지 수술 시간은 최소 침습 군이 짧았으며(p=0.03) 흡입 배액관을 통한 배액량도 최소 침습 군이 적었 다(p=0.02). 실혈양, 대퇴 스템 정렬, 비구 컵 경사도, 술 후 통증과 파행, Harris Hip Score, 감염률 등에서는 차이가 없었다. 최 소 침습 군에서 고관절 아탈구 1예, 비구 골절 1예 등 2예의 합병증(5.0%)이 발생되었고, 1예의 대퇴 스템 내반 삽입이 있었다. 결론: 최소 침습법은 수술 시간과 실혈량의 의미있는 감소와 같은 장점이 있지만 기존 인공 고관절 전 치환술이 장기 생존률과 안정성에서 이미 검증되었고 최소 침습법은 좁은 수술 시야로 인해 문제 발생 가능성이 있으므로 충분한 수술 술기의 숙련 후 시행하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료되었다.
Abstract
Purpose: We compared the outcomes of primary consecutive THAs performed via the direct lateral approach through minimally invasive incisions (<8 cm) and through standard incisions (15~20 cm). Materials and Methods: Eighty primary consecutive THAs were performed via direct lateral approach through minimally invasive incisions or through standard size incisions. The standard incision is Hardinge’s direct lateral approach. For the MIS group, an approximately 8 cm long oblique skin incision was made centered at the tip of the greater trochanter and running anterosuperiorly to posteroinferiorly. Results: The surgical time was shorter (p=0.03) and the average amount of Hemovac drainage was smaller (p =0.02) in the MIS group. Alignment of the femoral stem and acetabular cup, post-operative pain and limping, HHS, and infection rate were no different between the two groups. In the MIS group, two complications (5.0%) occurred (one lateral positioning of the acetabular cup, one intra-operative acetabular fracture), and one varus stem insertion occurred. Conclusion: Minimization of the skin incision length for primary THAs performed via the direct lateral approach appears to have benefits with regard to shortening the wound closing time and decreasing the amount of postoperative Hemovac suction drainage. However, the minimally exposed operative field raises technical problems, so sufficient surgical experience and training are required.
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