Towards Modern Depressive Disorder: Professional Understanding of Depression in Interwar Britain
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This article examines the way in which British psychiatrists defined, categorized, and applied depression between the two World Wars. To analyze the professional understanding and applying of the notion, various expert literatures will be used, such as textbooks, medical journals, and medical documents kept in daily practice. Through the analysis, it will be suggested that still in the interwar decades status of depression as a discrete mental disorder was far from secure in terms of its definition, terminology, and classification, although the disorder had become the most prevalent mental illness already at the turn of the century. Also, it will be argued that the early twentieth century should be recognized as a part of the long evolution by which depression achieves its modernity, beginning in the early twentieth century and ending only in the post-war era. Such findings about a specific psychiatric diagnosis can be applied to explanation of contemporary psychiatry. At least before the Second World War, British psychiatry had not yet entered into its modernism phase and was still under the strong influence of the Victorian medical tradition. Thus, it will be claimed that, in order to understand British psychiatry and its characteristics against this historical background, continuity should be stressed rather than modernity.
Abstract
This article examines the way in which British psychiatrists defined, categorized, and applied depression between the two World Wars. To analyze the professional understanding and applying of the notion, various expert literatures will be used, such as textbooks, medical journals, and medical documents kept in daily practice. Through the analysis, it will be suggested that still in the interwar decades status of depression as a discrete mental disorder was far from secure in terms of its definition, terminology, and classification, although the disorder had become the most prevalent mental illness already at the turn of the century. Also, it will be argued that the early twentieth century should be recognized as a part of the long evolution by which depression achieves its modernity, beginning in the early twentieth century and ending only in the post-war era. Such findings about a specific psychiatric diagnosis can be applied to explanation of contemporary psychiatry. At least before the Second World War, British psychiatry had not yet entered into its modernism phase and was still under the strong influence of the Victorian medical tradition. Thus, it will be claimed that, in order to understand British psychiatry and its characteristics against this historical background, continuity should be stressed rather than modernity.
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