Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum, Pneumopericardium, and Pneumothorax with Respiratory Failure in a Patient with AIDS and Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia
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Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in up to 35% of patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. However, spontaneouspneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium are uncommon complications in patients infected with human immunodeficiencyvirus, with no reported incidence rates, even among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) andP. jirovecii pneumonia. We report a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and pneumothorax withrespiratory failure during treatment of P. jirovecii pneumonia in a patient with AIDS; the P. jirovecii infection was confirmed byperforming methenamine silver staining of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. This case suggests that spontaneous pneumomediastinumand pneumopericardium should be considered in patients with AIDS and P. jirovecii pneumonia.
Abstract
Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in up to 35% of patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. However, spontaneouspneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium are uncommon complications in patients infected with human immunodeficiencyvirus, with no reported incidence rates, even among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) andP. jirovecii pneumonia. We report a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and pneumothorax withrespiratory failure during treatment of P. jirovecii pneumonia in a patient with AIDS; the P. jirovecii infection was confirmed byperforming methenamine silver staining of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. This case suggests that spontaneous pneumomediastinumand pneumopericardium should be considered in patients with AIDS and P. jirovecii pneumonia.
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