Mycobacterium kansasii Pneumonia with Mediastinal Lymphadenitis in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Successful Treatment to Stem Cell Transplantation
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초록
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is a relatively rare cause of neutropenic fever in patients with hematologic malignancies. During the neutropenic period, performing invasive procedures for microbiological or pathological confirmationis difficult. In addition, the optimal treatment duration for NTM disease in patients with leukemia, especially prior to stem celltransplantation (SCT), has not been documented. Therefore, we report a case of pneumonia with necrotizing lymphadenitiscaused by Mycobacterium kansasii diagnosed during chemotherapy being performed for acute myeloid leukemia. The radiologicfindings were similar to those of invasive fungal pneumonia; however, a bronchoalveolar washing fluid culture confirmedthat the pathogen was M. kansasii. After 70 days from starting NTM treatment, allogeneic SCT was performed without any complications. The patient fully recovered after 12 months of NTM treatment, and neither reactivation of M. kansasii infection norrelated complications were reported.
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is a relatively rare cause of neutropenic fever in patients with hematologic malignancies. During the neutropenic period, performing invasive procedures for microbiological or pathological confirmationis difficult. In addition, the optimal treatment duration for NTM disease in patients with leukemia, especially prior to stem celltransplantation (SCT), has not been documented. Therefore, we report a case of pneumonia with necrotizing lymphadenitiscaused by Mycobacterium kansasii diagnosed during chemotherapy being performed for acute myeloid leukemia. The radiologicfindings were similar to those of invasive fungal pneumonia; however, a bronchoalveolar washing fluid culture confirmedthat the pathogen was M. kansasii. After 70 days from starting NTM treatment, allogeneic SCT was performed without any complications. The patient fully recovered after 12 months of NTM treatment, and neither reactivation of M. kansasii infection norrelated complications were reported.
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