본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Preliminary Guidelines for the Clinical Evaluation and Management of Long COVID

2

조회

0

다운로드

13

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류내과학

초록

Long-lasting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms beyond 12 weeks, the so-called ‘long COVID’ have been increasingly reported worldwide. Long COVID can be manifested in various forms, and there is an increasing demand for proper assessment and management. However, it is challenging when trying to determine the best-practice standards of care based on the current evidence because there is no internationally agreed clinical definition or clear treatment pathway. Therefore, the present guidelines have been drafted to provide advice on diagnosis and management based on the latest updated available evidence and the consensus of expert opinion. So far, no standard test and drug treatment can be strongly recommended for patients with long COVID because of a lack of evidence. The present guidelines provide advice based on 12 key questions, including appropriate interventions for long COVID that can be used in clinical practice. Continuous careful observation and studies related to long COVID are needed for the long-term impact of COVID-19 and proper management for long COVID to be determined.

Abstract

Long-lasting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms beyond 12 weeks, the so-called ‘long COVID’ have been increasingly reported worldwide. Long COVID can be manifested in various forms, and there is an increasing demand for proper assessment and management. However, it is challenging when trying to determine the best-practice standards of care based on the current evidence because there is no internationally agreed clinical definition or clear treatment pathway. Therefore, the present guidelines have been drafted to provide advice on diagnosis and management based on the latest updated available evidence and the consensus of expert opinion. So far, no standard test and drug treatment can be strongly recommended for patients with long COVID because of a lack of evidence. The present guidelines provide advice based on 12 key questions, including appropriate interventions for long COVID that can be used in clinical practice. Continuous careful observation and studies related to long COVID are needed for the long-term impact of COVID-19 and proper management for long COVID to be determined.

참고문헌 (141)

  1. "WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard"[URL]
  2. Soriano JB, "A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus", Lancet Infect Dis, 22, pp.e102~e107 (2022)
  3. "COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the longterm effects of COVID-19"[URL]
  4. Yelin D, "ESCMID rapid guidelines for assessment and management of long COVID", Clin Microbiol Infect, 28, pp.955~972 (2022)
  5. "NIH launches new initiative to study “Long COVID”"[URL]
  6. Davis HE, "Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort : 7 months of symptoms and their impact", EClinicalMedicine, 38, pp.101019~ (2021)
  7. Gorna R, "Long COVID guidelines need to reflect lived experience", Lancet, 397, pp.455~457 (2021)
  8. "Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK: 1 April 2021" (2021)[URL]
  9. Jennings G, "A systematic review of persistent symptoms and residual abnormal functioning following acute COVID-19 : ongoing symptomatic phase vs. post-COVID-19 syndrome", J Clin Med, 10, pp.5913~ (2021)
  10. Lacobucci G, "Long covid : damage to multiple organs presents in young, low risk patients", BMJ, 371, pp.m4470~ (2020)
  11. Ziauddeen N, "Characteristics and impact of long Covid : findings from an online survey", PLoS One, 17, pp.e0264331~ (2022)
  12. Kim Yoonjung, "Significance and Associated Factors of Long-Term Sequelae in Patients after Acute COVID-19 Infection in Korea", Infection and Chemotherapy, 53(3), pp.463~476 (2021), 대한감염학회[DOI]
  13. Kim Y, "Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in patients after 12 months from COVID-19 infection in Korea", BMC Infect Dis, 22, pp.93~ (2022)
  14. 김윤정, "One Year Follow-Up of COVID-19 Related Symptoms and Patient Quality of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study", Yonsei Medical Journal, 63(6), pp.499~510 (2022), 연세대학교의과대학[DOI]
  15. Michelen M, "Characterising long COVID : a living systematic review", BMJ Glob Health, 6, pp.e005427~ (2021)
  16. Cabrera Martimbianco AL, "Frequency, signs and symptoms, and criteria adopted for long COVID-19 : a systematic review", Int J Clin Pract, 75, pp.e14357~ (2021)
  17. Brodin P, "Immune determinants of COVID-19 disease presentation and severity", Nat Med, 27, pp.28~33 (2021)
  18. Logue JK, "Sequelae in adults at 6 months after COVID-19 infection", JAMA Netw Open, 4, pp.e210830~ (2021)
  19. Lund LC, "Post-acute effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals not requiring hospital admission : a Danish population-based cohort study", Lancet Infect Dis, 21, pp.1373~1382 (2021)
  20. Ayoubkhani D, "Risk of long Covid in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of a COVID-19vaccine: community-based, matched cohort study", medRxiv 2022;2022.02.23.22271388, ~ (2022)
  21. Taquet M, "Incidence, co-occurrence, and evolution of long-COVID features : A 6-month retrospective cohort study of 273, 618 survivors of COVID-19", PLoS Med, 18, pp.e1003773~ (2021)
  22. Zhao YM, "Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19survivors three months after recovery", EClinicalMedicine, 25, pp.100463~ (2020)
  23. Frija-Masson J, "Functional characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at 30|days post-infection", Eur Respir J, 56, pp.2001754~ (2020)
  24. Mo X, "Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients at time of hospital discharge", Eur Respir J, 55, pp.2001217~ (2020)
  25. van den Borst B, "Comprehensive health assessment 3 months after recovery from acute coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)", Clin Infect Dis, 73, pp.e1089~e1098 (2021)
  26. Bao C, "Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)CT findings : a systematic review and meta-analysis", J Am Coll Radiol, 17, pp.701~709 (2020)
  27. Zhu J, "CT imaging features of 4121 patients with COVID-19 : a meta-analysis", J Med Virol, 92, pp.891~902 (2020)
  28. Ramos-Casals M, "Systemic and organ-specific immune-related manifestations of COVID-19", Nat Rev Rheumatol, 17, pp.315~332 (2021)
  29. Patell R, "Postdischarge thrombosis and hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19", Blood, 136, pp.1342~1346 (2020)
  30. Roberts LN, "Postdischarge venous thromboembolism following hospital admission with COVID-19", Blood, 136, pp.1347~1350 (2020)
  31. Wu C, "Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a meta-analysis", Front Med(Lausanne), 8, pp.603558~ (2021)
  32. Puig-Domingo M, "COVID-19 and endocrine and metabolic diseases. An updated statement from the European Society of Endocrinology", Endocrine, 72, pp.301~316 (2021)
  33. Isidori AM, "COVID-19 infection and glucocorticoids : update from the Italian Society of Endocrinology Expert Opinion on steroid replacement in adrenal insufficiency", J Endocrinol Invest, 43, pp.1141~1147 (2020)
  34. Carosi G, "Adrenal insufficiency at the time of COVID-19 : a retrospective study in patients referring to a tertiary center", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 106, pp.e1354~e1361 (2021)
  35. Rubino F, "New-onset diabetes in Covid-19", N Engl J Med, 383, pp.789~790 (2020)
  36. di Filippo L, "Hypocalcemia is a distinctive biochemical feature of hospitalized COVID-19 patients", Endocrine, 71, pp.9~13 (2021)
  37. Hutchings N, "Patients hospitalized with COVID-19have low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D", Endocrine, 71, pp.267~269 (2021)
  38. Muller I, "SARS-CoV-2-related atypical thyroiditis", Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 8, pp.739~741 (2020)
  39. Brancatella A, "Subacute thyroiditis after Sars-COV-2infection", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 105, pp.dgaa276~ (2020)
  40. Taquet M, "6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19 : a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records", Lancet Psychiatry, 8, pp.416~427 (2021)
  41. Liu YH, "One-year trajectory of cognitive changes in older survivors of COVID-19in Wuhan, China : a longitudinal cohort study", JAMA Neurol, 79, pp.509~517 (2022)
  42. Cicco Sebastiano, "Long-Term Follow-Up May be Useful in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Survivors to Prevent Chronic Complications", Infection and Chemotherapy, 52(3), pp.407~409 (2020), 대한감염학회[DOI]
  43. Huang L, "1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19 : a longitudinal cohort study", Lancet, 398, pp.747~758 (2021)
  44. Sivan M, "NICE guideline on long covid", BMJ, 371, pp.m4938~ (2020)
  45. Sisó-Almirall A, "Long Covid-19 : proposed primary care clinical guidelines for diagnosis and disease management", Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18, pp.4350~ (2021)
  46. Qin W, "Diffusion capacity abnormalities for carbon monoxide in patients with COVID-19 at 3-month follow-up", Eur Respir J, 58, pp.2003677~ (2021)
  47. Huang C, "6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital : a cohort study", Lancet, 397, pp.220~232 (2021)
  48. Mallia P, "Symptomatic, biochemical and radiographic recovery in patients with COVID-19", BMJ Open Respir Res, 8, pp.e000908~ (2021)
  49. D’Cruz RF, "Chest radiography is a poor predictor of respiratory symptoms and functional impairment in survivors of severe COVID-19 pneumonia", ERJ Open Res, 7, pp.00655~02020 (2021)
  50. Arnold DT, "Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow-up : results from a prospective UK cohort", Thorax, 76, pp.399~401 (2021)
  51. Froidure A, "Integrative respiratory follow-up of severe COVID-19 reveals common functional and lung imaging sequelae", Respir Med, 181, pp.106383~ (2021)
  52. Sanchez-Ramirez DC, "Long-term impact of COVID-19 : a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis", Biomedicines, 9, pp.900~ (2021)
  53. Raman B, "Medium-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple vital organs, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health, post-hospital discharge", EClinicalMedicine, 31, pp.100683~ (2021)
  54. Song WJ, "Confronting COVID-19-associated cough and the post-COVID syndrome : role of viral neurotropism, neuroinflammation, and neuroimmune responses", Lancet Respir Med, 9, pp.533~544 (2021)
  55. Lewek J, "COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications-preliminary results of the LATE-COVID study", Arch Med Sci, 17, pp.818~822 (2021)
  56. Tudoran C, "Associations between the severity of the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and echocardiographic abnormalities in previously healthy outpatients following infection with SARS-CoV-2", Biology(Basel), 10, pp.469~ (2021)
  57. Hayama H, "Elevated high-sensitivity troponin is associated with subclinical cardiac dysfunction in patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019", Glob Health Med, 3, pp.95~101 (2021)
  58. Sonnweber T, "Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19 : an observational prospective multicentre trial", Eur Respir J, 57, pp.2003481~ (2021)
  59. Małek ŁA, "Cardiac involvement in consecutive elite athletes recovered from Covid-19 : a magnetic resonance study", J Magn Reson Imaging, 53, pp.1723~1729 (2021)
  60. Pan C, "Cardiac T1 and T2 mapping showed myocardial involvement in recovered COVID-19 patients initially considered devoid of cardiac damage", J Magn Reson Imaging, 54, pp.421~428 (2021)
  61. Joy G, "Prospective case-control study of cardiovascular abnormalities 6 months following mild COVID-19 in healthcare workers", JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 14, pp.2155~2166 (2021)
  62. Tenforde MW, "Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems network-United States, March-June 2020", MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp.993~998 (2020)
  63. Daher A, "Follow up of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) : Pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease sequelae", Respir Med, 174, pp.106197~ (2020)
  64. Rosales-Castillo A, "Persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19infection: importance of follow-up", Med Clin(Engl Ed), 156, pp.35~36 (2021)
  65. Carfì A, "Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19", JAMA, 324, pp.603~605 (2020)
  66. Mandal S, "‘Long-COVID’ : a cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19", Thorax, 76, pp.396~398 (2021)
  67. Garrigues E, "Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19", J Infect, 81, pp.e4~e6 (2020)
  68. Rimmer A, "Covid-19: impact of long term symptoms will be profound, warns BMA", BMJ, 370, pp.m3218~ (2020)
  69. Greenhalgh T, "Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care", BMJ, 370, pp.m3026~ (2020)
  70. 정규인, "피로와 우울. 불안증 환자에서 Fatigue Severity Scale의 임상적 유용성", 정신신체의학, 9(2), pp.164~173 (2001), 한국정신신체의학회
  71. Townsend L, "Persistent fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and independent of severity of initial infection", PLoS One, 15, pp.e0240784~ (2020)
  72. Alrubaye R, "Severe Rhabdomyolysis in a 35-year-old woman with COVID-19 due to SARSCoV-2 infection : a case report", Am J Case Rep, 21, pp.e926733~ (2020)
  73. Chan KH, "Weakness and elevated creatinine kinase as the initial presentation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)", Am J Emerg Med, 38, pp.1548~ (2020)
  74. Husain R, "Rhabdomyolysis as a manifestation of a severe case of COVID-19 : a case report", Radiol Case Rep, 15, pp.1633~1637 (2020)
  75. Khosla SG, "Rhabdomyolysis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection : five case series", J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep, 8, pp.2324709620984603~ (2020)
  76. Sneller MC, "A longitudinal study of COVID-19 sequelae and immunity : baseline findings", Ann Intern Med, 175, pp.969~979 (2022)
  77. Dos Santos PK, "The musculoskeletal involvement after mild to moderate COVID-19 infection", Front Physiol, 13, pp.813924~ (2022)
  78. Martelletti P, "Long-COVID headache", SN Compr Clin Med, 3, pp.1704~1706 (2021)
  79. Premraj L, "Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome : a meta-analysis", J Neurol Sci, 434, pp.120162~ (2022)
  80. Bolay H, "COVID-19 is a real headache!", Headache, 60, pp.1415~1421 (2020)
  81. Diaz-Mitoma F, "Increased frequency of Epstein-Barr virus excretion in patients with new daily persistent headaches", Lancet, 1, pp.411~415 (1987)
  82. Rozen TD, "Daily persistent headache after a viral illness during a worldwide pandemic may not be a new occurrence : Lessons from the 1890 Russian", Asiatic flu, 2020, pp.40, 1406~1409
  83. Nurek M, "Recommendations for the recognition, diagnosis, and management of long COVID : a Delphi study", Br J Gen Pract, 71, pp.e815~25 (2021)
  84. Douaud G, "SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank", Nature, 604, pp.697~707 (2022)
  85. Guedj E, "18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in patients with long COVID", Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 48, pp.2823~2833 (2021)
  86. Becker JH, "Assessment of cognitive function in patients after COVID-19 infection", JAMA Netw Open, 4, pp.e2130645~ (2021)
  87. "British Thoracic Society guidance on respiratory follow up of patients with a clinico-radiological diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia"[URL]
  88. "National commissioning guidance for post COVID services"[URL]
  89. Bonazza F, "Psychological outcomes after hospitalization for COVID-19 : data from a multidisciplinary follow-up screening program for recovered patients", Res Psychother, 23, pp.491~ (2021)
  90. Dong F, "A living systematic review of the psychological problems in people suffering from COVID-19", J Affect Disord, 292, pp.172~188 (2021)
  91. "Living guidance for clinical management of COVID-19"[URL]
  92. Li L, "Association of a prior psychiatric diagnosis with mortality among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection", JAMA Netw Open, 3, pp.e2023282~ (2020)
  93. Bourne RS, "Sleep disruption in critically ill patients--pharmacological considerations", Anaesthesia, 59, pp.374~384 (2004)
  94. Hosey MM, "Survivorship after COVID-19 ICU stay", Nat Rev Dis Primers, 6, pp.60~ (2020)
  95. Guedj E, "The impact of COVID-19lockdown on brain metabolism", Hum Brain Mapp, 43, pp.593~597 (2022)
  96. "COVID-19 treatment guidelines panel. Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) treatment guidelines"[URL]
  97. Ramacciotti E, "Rivaroxaban versus no anticoagulation for post-discharge thromboprophylaxis after hospitalisation for COVID-19(MICHELLE) : an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial", Lancet, 399, pp.50~59 (2022)
  98. Reina-Gutiérrez S, "Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in interstitial lung disease, including coronavirus diseases : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 102, pp.1989~1997 (2021)
  99. Liu K, "Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19 : A randomized controlled study", Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, pp.101166~ (2020)
  100. Hermann M, "Feasibility and efficacy of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation after COVID-19", Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 99, pp.865~869 (2020)
  101. Udina C, "Rehabilitation in adult post-COVID-19 patients in post-acute care with therapeutic exercise", J Frailty Aging, 10, pp.297~300 (2021)
  102. Hameed F, "Outcomes of a COVID-19recovery program for patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York City : a prospective cohort study", PM R, 13, pp.609~617 (2021)
  103. "Rehabilitation guide for patients with COVID-19 related illness"[URL]
  104. Myall KJ, "Persistent post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease. An observational study of corticosteroid treatment", Ann Am Thorac Soc, 18, pp.799~806 (2021)
  105. Denneny EK, "A role for steroids in COVID-19-associated pneumonitis at six-week follow-up?", Ann Am Thorac Soc, 18, pp.1082~1083 (2021)
  106. Glynne P, "Long COVID following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection : characteristic T cell alterations and response to antihistamines", J Investig Med, 70, pp.61~67 (2022)
  107. Malaty J, "Smell and taste disorders in primary care", Am Fam Physician, 88, pp.852~859 (2013)
  108. Xydakis MS, "Post-viral effects of COVID-19 in the olfactory system and their implications", Lancet Neurol, 20, pp.753~761 (2021)
  109. Addison AB, "Clinical Olfactory Working Group consensus statement on the treatment of postinfectious olfactory dysfunction", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 147, pp.1704~1719 (2021)
  110. Abdelalim AA, "Corticosteroid nasal spray for recovery of smell sensation in COVID-19 patients : a randomized controlled trial", Am J Otolaryngol, 42, pp.102884~ (2021)
  111. Damm M, "Olfactory training is helpful in postinfectious olfactory loss : a randomized, controlled, multicenter study", Laryngoscope, 124, pp.826~831 (2014)
  112. Hura N, "Treatment of post-viral olfactory dysfunction : an evidence-based review with recommendations", Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 10, pp.1065~1086 (2020)
  113. 박도양, "후각장애 환자에서의 향의 종류, 선호도에 따른 후각훈련의효과 차이", Journal of Rhinology, 26(2), pp.92~98 (2019), 대한비과학회[DOI]
  114. Smith ME, "Treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis", chronic fatigue syndrome : a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health pathways to prevention workshop, 2015, pp.162, 841~850
  115. Fowler-Davis S, "A mixed-methods systematic review of post-viral fatigue interventions : are there lessons for long Covid", PLoS One, 16, pp.e0259533~ (2021)
  116. Membrilla JA, "Persistent headache after COVID-19 : Pathophysioloy, clinic and treatment", Neurology Perspectives, 1, pp.S31~S36 (2021)
  117. MaassenVanDenBrink A, "Headache medication and the COVID-19 pandemic", J Headache Pain, 21, pp.38~ (2020)
  118. Kim BS, "Clinical practice guideline of pharmacologic treatment for migraine prevention in adults 2021 : The committee of clinical practice guideline of the Korean Headache Society", Korean J Headache, 21, pp.56~66 (2021)
  119. Crook H, "Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management", BMJ, 374, pp.n1648~ (2021)
  120. "Chemo brain"[URL]
  121. Theoharides TC, "Long-COVID syndrome-associated brain fog and chemofog : Luteolin to the rescue", Biofactors, 47, pp.232~241 (2021)
  122. Mazza MG, "Rapid response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in post-COVID depression", Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 54, pp.1~6 (2022)
  123. Nobile B, "The anti-inflammatory effect of the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine and its high penetration in the brain might be useful to prevent the psychiatric consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection", Front Pharmacol, 12, pp.615695~ (2021)
  124. Khani E, "Fluvoxamine and long COVID-19; a new role for sigma-1 receptor(S1R)agonists", Mol Psychiatry (2022)
  125. Seo Hyeonji, "Fluvoxamine Treatment of Patients with Symptomatic COVID-19 in a Community Treatment Center: A Preliminary Result of Randomized Controlled Trial", Infection and Chemotherapy, 54(1), pp.102~113 (2022), 대한감염학회[DOI]
  126. Sookaromdee Pathum, "Correspondence on Fluvoxamine Treatment of Patients with Symptomatic COVID-19", Infection and Chemotherapy, 54(2), pp.369~369 (2022), 대한감염학회[DOI]
  127. Hashimoto Y, "Old drug fluvoxamine, new hope for COVID-19", Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 272, pp.161~163 (2022)
  128. Lionetto L, "Increased kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio in the serum of patients infected with SARS-CoV2 : An observational cohort study", Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis, 1867, pp.166042~ (2021)
  129. Thomas T, "COVID-19 infection alters kynurenine and fatty acid metabolism, correlating with IL-6 levels and renal status", JCI Insight, 5, pp.e140327~ (2020)
  130. Eroğlu İ, "Altered tryptophan absorption and metabolism could underlie long-term symptoms in survivors of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)", Nutrition, 90, pp.111308~ (2021)
  131. Castanares-Zapatero D, "Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID : a comprehensive review", Ann Med, 54, pp.1473~1487 (2022)
  132. Maamar M, "Post-COVID-19 syndrome, low-grade inflammation and inflammatory markers : a cross-sectional study", Curr Med Res Opin, 38, pp.901~909 (2022)
  133. Agarwala SR, "Avascular necrosis as a part of ‘long COVID-19’", BMJ Case Rep, 14, pp.e242101~ (2021)
  134. Bhanuprasad K, "Risk factors associated with the mucormycosis epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic", Int J Infect Dis, 111, pp.267~270 (2021)
  135. Bossley CJ, "Post-acute COVID-19 outcomes in children requiring hospitalisation", Sci Rep, 12, pp.8208~ (2022)
  136. Buonsenso D, "FIMP-Roma. Post-COVID condition in adults and children living in the same household in Italy: a prospective cohort study using the ISARIC global follow-up protocol", Front Pediatr, 10, pp.834875~ (2022)
  137. Kikkenborg Berg S, "Long COVID symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-positive adolescents and matched controls(LongCOVIDKidsDK) : a national, cross-sectional study", Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 6, pp.240~248 (2022)
  138. Stephenson T, "Physical and mental health 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection(long COVID)among adolescents in England(CLoCk) : a national matched cohort study", Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 6, pp.230~239 (2022)
  139. Rimes KA, "Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors for fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents : a prospective community study", Pediatrics, 119, pp.e603~e609 (2007)
  140. Borch L, "Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children-a nationwide cohort study", Eur J Pediatr, 181, pp.1597~1607 (2022)
  141. Kuodi P, "Association between BNT162b2 vaccination and reported incidence of post-COVID-19symptoms : cross-sectional study 2020-21, Israel", NPJ Vaccines, 7, pp.101~ (2022)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (21건)