Vitamin D Receptor Gene FokI Polymorphism in Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus – Tuberculosis Coinfection and Associated Risk Factors

Abstract

Background There is still unclear method for identifying people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who will develop tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI allele f and associated risk factors in HIV-TB coinfection. Material and Methods This case control study was conducted with 60 total subjects consisting 30 subjects of HIV-TB patients as the case group and 30 subjects HIV without TB as the control. VDR gene FokI polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, whereas light chain 3 (LC3) and caspase-3 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CD4 T cell by flowcytometry. Data analysis for different proportions used bivariate analysis and relationship analysis tests using logistic regression. Results The VDR gene FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism proportion of f alleles in the case group were 26 (86.7%) and control 13 (43.3%). Low LC3 (LC3 ≤30 ng/mL) found in 27 (90.0%) of the cases and 9 of the controls (30.0%). Low caspase-3 (Caspase3 ≤3 ng/mL) found 28 (93.3%) in cases and 15 (50.0%) in the controls. The logistic regression analysis revealed that f allele of FokI VDR gene polymorphism, low LC3, low caspase-3 and low CD4 T cells are risk factors for HIV-TB co-infection as follows respectively; (odds ratio [OR], 6.921; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.199–39.936; P=0.031); (OR, 16.257; 95% CI, 2.568-102.928; P=0.003) and (OR, 7.448; 95% CI, 0.851–65.211; P=0.070); (OR, 6.227; 95% CI, 0.36-37.419; P=0.046) Conclusion VDR gene FokI polymorphism alleles f, low LC3, caspase-3, and low CD4 T cell count were identified as risk factors for HIV-TB Coinfection.