청소년 흡연의 영향 요인
The Factors Affecting Adolescent Smoking in Korea
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연구배경 금연 운동이 확산되고 있음에도 불구하고 청소년 흡연이 심각한 수준으로 증가하고 있으며 청소년의 흡연은 성인기 이후의 생활습관으로 형성되어 고혈압, 폐암 등 만성질환의 원인으로 밝혀지고 있다. 청소년 금연교육을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 고등학생을 대상으로 청소년의 흡연 경험 및 흡연의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 조사대상자는 H군에 위치한 5개 고등학교에 재학 중인 학생 전수로서 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 2003년 8월 1일부터 11월 30일까지 자료 수집을 하였으며, 최종 1,167명의 설문지를 통계처리 하였다. 빈도와 백분율, t-test, chi- square test, Pearson's correlation 분석을 하였다. 결 과 대상자의 흡연율은 남자 17.0%, 여자 2.2%이었다. 성별, 학년, 종교, 어머니의 흡연, 형제의 흡연, 친구의 흡연 및 음주 경험에 따라 흡연 경험의 정도에는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 흡연경험에 강한 상관관계를 보인 것은 흡연 의도로 나타났고, 흡연지식, 자기효능 및 자존감 등은 약한 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 본 연구 결과에서 남학생들은 여전히 높은 흡연율을 보이고 있다. 남학생을 대상으로 하여 흡연을 시도하기 전 빠른 시기에 금연교육프로그램을 실시하는 것이 필요하다. 금연교육의 효과를 높이기 위하여 교육 대상에 흡연학생 및 그들의 부모, 형제, 흡연을 하는 친구를 포함시켜야 하며, 음주의 유해성을 교육내용에 포함시키고, 자존감 향상 프로그램을 병행하는 것이 효과가 있을 것이라고 사료된다.
Abstract
Background The smoking rate of high school students keeps increasing, and it has been pointed out as an important factor influencing adolescents’ health. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychosocial factors influencing smoking experience of Korean high school students. Methods The design of this study is a cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey. 1,167 high school students in South Korea were recruited during August 1-November 30 in 2003. The independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about smoking, self-efficacy and self-esteem, and the dependent variables were the students’ smoking experience and their intention of smoking. Results The percentage of regular smoker was 17.0% in male, 2.2% in female. The factors significantly affected to smoking were gender(Χ2=142.31, p<.01), grade(Χ2=8.97, p<.05), religion(Χ2=9.78, p<.01), mother’s smoking(Χ2=16.00, p<.01), grand-mother’s smoking(Χ2=5.66, p<.01), sibling’s smoking(Χ2=22.09, p<.01), friends' smoking(Χ2=197.20, p<.01). Intention of smoking(r=.51, p<.01), was strongly correlated to smoking experience. Knowledge about smoking(r=.10, p<.01) and self-esteem(r=.13, p<.01) were also weakly correlated to smoking experience. Conclusions The findings suggest that the smoking prevention education should involve students’ family members and/or friends who influence the students’ smoking experience, and the education program should include a strategies to increase self-esteem and self-efficacy. Adolescent's drinking is associated with an elevated risk of smoking experience, so the program also needs to include some contents about the harmful effects of smoking and drinking.
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