Toxic Pyrene Metabolism in Mycobacterium gilvum PYR-GCK Results in the Expression of Mammalian Cell Entry Genes as Revealed by Transcriptomics Study
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Mycobacterium gilvum PYR-GCK is a bacterial strain under study for its bioremediation use on heavy hydrocarbon pollutants in the environment. During the course of our study, mammalian cell entry (mce) genes, known to facilitate pathogenicity in M. tuberculosis, were highly expressed during a comparative and substrate-related cultural global transcriptomic study. RNA sequencing of the global transcriptome of the test strain in two different substrates, pyrene and glucose, showed high expression of the mce genes based on the differential results. After validating the expression of these genes with quantitative real-time PCR, we arrived at the conclusion that the genes were expressed based on the pyrene substrate (a phytosterol compound), and sterol metabolism is said to activate the expression of the mce genes in some actinomycetes bacteria, M. gilvum PYR-GCK in this case. This study is believed to be important based on the fact that some mycobacterial strains are undergoing a continuous research as a result of their use in practical bioremediation of anthropogenic exposure of toxic organic wastes in the environment.
Abstract
Mycobacterium gilvum PYR-GCK is a bacterial strain under study for its bioremediation use on heavy hydrocarbon pollutants in the environment. During the course of our study, mammalian cell entry (mce) genes, known to facilitate pathogenicity in M. tuberculosis, were highly expressed during a comparative and substrate-related cultural global transcriptomic study. RNA sequencing of the global transcriptome of the test strain in two different substrates, pyrene and glucose, showed high expression of the mce genes based on the differential results. After validating the expression of these genes with quantitative real-time PCR, we arrived at the conclusion that the genes were expressed based on the pyrene substrate (a phytosterol compound), and sterol metabolism is said to activate the expression of the mce genes in some actinomycetes bacteria, M. gilvum PYR-GCK in this case. This study is believed to be important based on the fact that some mycobacterial strains are undergoing a continuous research as a result of their use in practical bioremediation of anthropogenic exposure of toxic organic wastes in the environment.
참고문헌 (29)
- Arruda S, "Cloning of an M. tuberculosis DNA fragment associated with entry and survival inside cells", Science, 261, pp.1454~1457 (1993)
- Badejo AC, "A gene expression study of the activities of aromatic ring-cleavage dioxygenases in Mycobacterium gilvum PYR-GCK to changes in salinity and pH during pyrene degradation", Plos One, 8, pp.58066~ (2013)
- Badejo AC, "A global proteome study of Mycobacterium gilvum PYR-GCK grown on pyrene and glucose reveals the activation of glyoxylate, shikimate and gluconeogenetic pathways through the central carbon metabolism highway", Biodegradation, 24, pp.741~752 (2013)
- Boonchan S, "Degradation and mineralization of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by defined fungal-bacterial cocultures", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 66, pp.1007~1019 (2000)
- Clark CL, "Hutchings MI, Hoskisson PA. 2013. Mammalian cell entry genes in Streptomyces may provide clues to the evolution of bacterial virulence", Sci. Rep, 3, pp.1109~ (2013)
- Casali N, "A phylogenomic analysis of the Actinomycetales mce operons", BMC Genom, 8, pp.60~ (2007)
- Cerniglia CE., "Microbial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", Adv. Appl. Microbiol, 30, pp.31~71 (1984)
- Chitale S, "Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein associated with mammalian cell entry", Cell. Microbiol, 3, pp.247~254 (2001)
- Gioffre A, "Mutation in mce operons attenuates Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence", Microb. Infect, 7, pp.325~334 (2005)
- Haile Y, "Mycobacterium tuberculosis mammalian cell entry operon (mce) homologs in Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT)", FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol, 33, pp.125~132 (2002)
- Klepp LI, "Impact of the deletion of the six mce operons in Mycobacterium smegmatis", Microb. Infect, 14, pp.590~599 (2012)
- Krauss M, "Atmospheric versus biological sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a tropical rain forest environment", Environ. Pollut, 135, pp.143~154 (2005)
- Kumar A, "Analysis of expression profile of mammalian cell entry (mce) operons of Mycobacterium tuberculosis", Infect. Immun, 71, pp.6083~6087 (2003)
- Livak KJ, "Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T))Method", Methods, 25, pp.402~408 (2001)
- McLeod MP, "The complete genome of Rhodococcus sp. RHA1 provides insights into a catabolic powerhouse", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, pp.15582~15587 (2006)
- Mohn WW, "The actinobacterial mce4 locus encodes a steroid transporter", J. Biol. Chem, 283, pp.35368~35374 (2008)
- Mortazavi A, "Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq", Nat. Methods, 5, pp.621~628 (2008)
- Peng RH, "Microbial biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons", FEMS Microbiol. Rev, 32, pp.927~955 (2008)
- Rozen S, "Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers", Methods Mol. Biol, 132, pp.365~386 (2000)
- Sassetti CM, "Genetic requirements for mycobacterial survival during infection", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, pp.12989~12994 (2003)
- Schroeder A, "The RIN: an RNA integrity number for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements", BMC Mol. Biol, 7, pp.3~ (2006)
- Shimono N, "Hypervirulent mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulting from disruption of the mce1 operon", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, pp.15918~15923 (2003)
- Shuttleworth KL, "Environmental aspects of PAH biodegradation", Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol, 54, pp.291~302 (1995)
- Slaytor M, "Metabolic transformation of cholestenediols", J. Biol. Chem, 240, pp.4598~4602 (1965)
- Stingley RL, "Novel organization of genes in a phthalate degradation operon of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1", Microbiology, 150, pp.3749~3761 (2004)
- Tekaia F, "Analysis of the proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in silico", Tuber. Lung Dis, 79, pp.329~342 (1999)
- Trapnell C, "Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation", Nat. Biotechnol, 28, pp.511~515 (2010)
- Van der Geize R, "A gene cluster encoding cholesterol catabolism in a soil actinomycete provides insight into Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in macrophages", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, pp.1947~1952 (2007)
- Wipperman MF, "Shrinking the FadE proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis:insights into cholesterol metabolism through identification of an alpha2beta2 heterotetrameric acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase family", J. Bacteriol, 195, pp.4331~4341 (2013)