Gene Expression Analysis of Zeaxanthin Epoxidase from the Marine Microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta in Response to Light/Dark Cycle and Salinity
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Zeaxanthin is an important pigment in the photo-protection mechanism of microalgae. However, zeaxanthin epoxidase, an enzyme involved in the accumulation and conversion of zeaxanthin, has not been extensively studied in microalgae. In this work, we report the expression pattern of zeaxanthin epoxidase in Dunaliella tertiolecta (DtZEP) at different light and diverse salinity conditions. To confirm the responsiveness to light conditions, the ZEP expression pattern was investigated in photoperiodic (16 h of light and 8 h of dark) and continuous (24 h of light and 0 h of dark) light conditions. mRNA expression levels in photoperiodic conditions fluctuated along with the light/dark cycle, whereas those in continuous light remained unchanged. In varying salinity conditions, the highest mRNA and protein levels were detected in cells cultured in 1.5 M NaCl, and ZEP expression levels in cells shifted from 0.6 M NaCl to 1.5 M NaCl increased gradually. These results show that mRNA expression of DtZEP responds rapidly to the light/dark cycle or increased salinity, whereas changes in protein synthesis do not occur within a short period. Taken together, we show that DtZEP gene expression responds rapidly to light irradiation and hyperosmotic stress. In addition, ZEP expression patterns in light or salinity conditions are similar to those of higher plants, even though the habitat of D. tertiolecta is different.
Abstract
Zeaxanthin is an important pigment in the photo-protection mechanism of microalgae. However, zeaxanthin epoxidase, an enzyme involved in the accumulation and conversion of zeaxanthin, has not been extensively studied in microalgae. In this work, we report the expression pattern of zeaxanthin epoxidase in Dunaliella tertiolecta (DtZEP) at different light and diverse salinity conditions. To confirm the responsiveness to light conditions, the ZEP expression pattern was investigated in photoperiodic (16 h of light and 8 h of dark) and continuous (24 h of light and 0 h of dark) light conditions. mRNA expression levels in photoperiodic conditions fluctuated along with the light/dark cycle, whereas those in continuous light remained unchanged. In varying salinity conditions, the highest mRNA and protein levels were detected in cells cultured in 1.5 M NaCl, and ZEP expression levels in cells shifted from 0.6 M NaCl to 1.5 M NaCl increased gradually. These results show that mRNA expression of DtZEP responds rapidly to the light/dark cycle or increased salinity, whereas changes in protein synthesis do not occur within a short period. Taken together, we show that DtZEP gene expression responds rapidly to light irradiation and hyperosmotic stress. In addition, ZEP expression patterns in light or salinity conditions are similar to those of higher plants, even though the habitat of D. tertiolecta is different.
참고문헌 (30)
- Jahns P, "The role of the xanthophyll cycle and of lutein in photoprotection of photosystem II", Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1817, pp.182~193 (2012)
- Goss R, "Regulation and function of xanthophyll cycle-dependent photoprotection in algae", Photosynth. Res, 106, pp.103~122 (2010)
- Demmig-Adams B, "The role of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the protection of photosynthesis", Trends Plant Sci, 1, pp.21~26 (1996)
- Cowan A, "Stress induction of zeaxanthin formation in the β-carotene accumulating alga Dunaliella salina Teod", J. Plant Physiol, 146, pp.554~562 (1995)
- Schwarz N, "Tissue-specific accumulation and regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidase in Arabidopsis reflect the multiple functions of the enzyme in plastids", Plant Cell Physiol, 56, pp.346~357 (2014)
- Kim M, "Development of a Dunaliella tertiolecta strain with increased zeaxanthin content using random mutagenesis", Mar. Drugs, 15, pp.E189~ (2017)
- Audran C, "Expression studies of the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia", Plant Physiol, 118, pp.1021~1028 (1998)
- Hieber AD, "Plant lipocalins : violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase", Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1482, pp.84~91 (2000)
- Marin E, "Molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana", EMBO J, 15, pp.2331~ (1996)
- Burbidge A, "Structure and expression of a cDNA encoding zeaxanthin epoxidase, isolated from a wilt-related tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill,) library", J. Exp. Bot, 48, pp.1749~1750 (1997)
- Wu C, "Characterization of a sterile dwarf mutant and the cloning of zeaxanthin epoxidase in Asian cotton (Gossypium arboreum L,)", Plant Growth Regul, 85, pp.57~72 (2018)
- Yang Q, "Functional characterization of the Gentiana lutea zeaxanthin epoxidase(GlZEP)promoter in transgenic tomato plants", Transgenic Res, 21, pp.1043~1056 (2012)
- Zhang Z, "MsZEP, a novel zeaxanthin epoxidase gene from alfalfa(Medicago sativa), confers drought and salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco", Plant Cell Rep, 35, pp.439~453 (2016)
- Bugos RC, "Xanthophyll cycle enzymes are members of the lipocalin family, the first identified from plants", J. Biol. Chem, 273, pp.15321~15324 (1998)
- Audran C, "Localisation and expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase mRNA in Arabidopsis in response to drought stress and during seed development", Funct. Plant Biol, 28, pp.1161~1173 (2001)
- Hager A, "Localization of the xanthophyllcycle enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase within the thylakoid lumen and abolition of its mobility by a (light-dependent) pH decrease", Planta, 192, pp.581~589 (1994)
- Bratt CE, "Regulation of violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity by pH and ascorbate concentration", Photosynth. Res, 45, pp.169~175 (1995)
- North HM, "Analysis of xanthophyll cycle gene expression during the adaptation of Arabidopsis to excess light and drought stress : Changes in RNA steady-state levels do not contribute to short-term responses", Plant Sci, 169, pp.115~124 (2005)
- Thompson AJ, "Abscisic acid biosynthesis in tomato : regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidase and 9-cisepoxycarotenoid dioxygenase mRNAs by light", dark cycles, water stress and abscisic acid, 2000, pp.42, 833~845
- Ruiz-Sola MÁ, "A root specific induction of carotenoid biosynthesis contributes to ABA production upon salt stress in Arabidopsis", PLoS One, 9, pp.e90765~ (2014)
- Jin E, "Role of the reversible xanthophyll cycle in the photosystem II damage and repair cycle in Dunaliella salina", Plant Physiol, 132, pp.352~364 (2003)
- Baroli I, "Zeaxanthin accumulation in the absence of a functional xanthophyll cycle protects Chlamydomonas reinhardtii from photooxidative stress", Plant Cell, 15, pp.992~1008 (2003)
- Niyogi KK, "Chlamydomonas xanthophyll cycle mutants identified by video imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching", Plant Cell, 9, pp.1369~1380 (1997)
- Kim M, "Loss of function in Zeaxanthin Epoxidase of Dunaliella tertiolecta caused by a single amino acid mutation within the substrate-binding site", Mar. Drugs, 16, pp.418~ (2018)
- Eilers U, "Identification of genes coding for functional zeaxanthin epoxidases in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum", J. Plant Physiol, 192, pp.64~70 (2016)
- Borowitzka MA, "The taxonomy of the genus Dunaliella(Chlorophyta, Dunaliellales)with emphasis on the marine and halophilic species", J. Appl. Phycol, 19, pp.567~590 (2007)
- Borowitzka MA, "Effects of salinity increase on carotenoid accumulation in the green alga Dunaliella salina", J. Appl. Phycol, 2, pp.111~119 (1990)
- Park S, "Contrasting photoadaptive strategies of two morphologically distinct Dunaliella species under various salinities", J. Appl. Phycol, 27, pp.1053~1062 (2015)
- Cazzonelli CI, "Source to sink : regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants", Trends Plant Sci, 15, pp.266~274 (2010)
- Lu S, "Carotenoid metabolism : biosynthesis, regulation, and beyond", J. Integr. Plant Biol, 50, pp.778~785 (2008)