周作人과 『老虎橋雜詩』 Ⅱ ― 「往昔」과 「丙戌丁亥雜詩」를 중심으로

Abstract

This article is the result of the study on Zhou Zuoren(1885~1967)'s “A thing of the past(往昔)” writings of Satirical Poems of Lao Hu Qiao(老虎橋雜詩) and “Satirical Poems of Bingshu-Dinghai years(丙戌丁亥雜詩)” written in the middle years of his imprisonment(1945~1949, by the Nationalist government of Chang Kai-Shek, especially focused on their formal characteristics and his inner thoughts. While his primary imprisonment works are usually seven-character poems and kind of raw expressions of his anger or sentiment, as the time being in jail lots of his writings are imaginated by connotative words and wooven by related stories using five-character forms. Those changes are of his own choice and reflect his inner turnaround. His works in the mid-imprisonment period are basically of remembrance and retrospection. Many part of the materials of his poems contains old historical figures, who he accustomed to by his young age's reading, or his hometown ShaoXing(紹興)'s customs and legends, or sentiments on the flowing times. or vague clue of his old days. As those main figures' turning their eyes upon something,the author's identity floats up, that's the underlying structure. Certain images realized in his mid-imprisonment works are embodied inner thoughts of Zhou Zuoren, who has adhered to stubborn position of ‘No explaining policy'. At some point where the spirit of ‘throwing oneself to feed a tiger' is distorted in real world,he stuck the old images of ‘practicing cannibalism to struggle for the justice'. The life of the hermits who has confronted the world with cold-heart carved into the face of the helpless poet. This spiritual isolation made the two brothers', Zhou Zuoren and LuXun (魯迅), reunion possible. As for Zhou Zuoren, it's the process of recalling himself who he treated like a stranger deep inside the heart, and also the process of recognizing and reconcilliating with himself, after repeated failing to recognize his own existence and identity through the old figures in history. And to conclude, Zhou Zuoren's mid-imprisonment poem's are showing an literature's intellectual struggling to maintain himself while restraining his anger and despair. It confirms Zhou Zuoren's one aspect of independent thoughts during overcoming present crucibles, not by repentance for pro-Japan collaborating but by reflection on Chinese history.