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소비자 냉소주의와 공익연계마케팅 전략

Consumer Cynicism and the Cause-Related Marketing Strategy

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주제분류경제학

초록

최근 그린워싱이나 사회적 책임을 수행하는 기업의 이면적 동기에 대한 이슈가 꾸준히 제기되면서 사회적 책임 관련 커뮤니케이션에 대한 소비자의 냉소적 시각이 점차 증가하고 있다. 이에 공익연계마케팅을 수행하는 기업은 소비자의 냉소적 시각을 줄이기 위한 노력을 가하고 있다. 본 연구는 조절적합성을 고려한 공익선정이 냉소적 소비자의 공익연계마케팅에 대한 태도를 개선시킬 수 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 공익연계마케팅을 수행하는 기업의 입장에서 적합한 공익을 선정하는 것은 중요한 이슈이다. 공익을 잘못 선정할 경우에 공익연계마케팅에 대한 소비자의 관심은 끌 수 있더라도 오히려 부정적인 기업태도를 초래할 수 있기 때문이다. 기존연구들은 공익연계마케팅의 공익선정방법에 있어서 제품과 공익 간의 유사성을 중심으로 한 유사적합성의 관점에서 주로 접근하였다. 하지만 유사적합성이 높은 공익을 선정하는 경우에 냉소적 소비자는 공익연계마케팅을 수행하는 기업의 의도를 공익개선보다는 수익창출의 수단으로 지각하여 부정적인 태도를 형성할 위험이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 유사적합성의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 방안으로 제품의 소비목적에 의해 예열되는 조절초점과 일치하는 공익에 대한 지각, 즉 조절적합성 관점에서 접근하였다. 선행연구에 따르면 조절적합성이 높은 경우에 유발되는 처리 유창성(processing fluency)이 설득지식의 활성화를 약화시켜 광고메시지를 소비자에게 효과적으로 전달할 수 있는데, 이러한 효과는 공익연계마케팅에서도 나타날 것이라 예상하였다. 더 나아가 조절적합성이 높은 경우에 유발되는 옳다는 느낌(feeling right)이 냉소주의적 성향이 강한 공익연계마케팅에 대한 소비자의 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라 예상하였다. 연구결과, 소비자는 조절적합성이 낮은 공익연계마케팅보다 조절적합성이 높은 공익연계마케팅에 대해 더욱 긍정적으로 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조절적합성이 높은 경우에 냉소주의적 성향이 강한 집단과 약한 집단 간의 공익연계마케팅에 대한 태도의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 조절적합성에 따른 공익선정의 경우에 유사적합성이 지니고 있는 한계점들을 보완해줌으로써 기업이 공익연계마케팅을 폭넓게 사용할 수 있는 계기를 마련하였다는 점에서 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

Abstract

In order to perform cause-related marketing, it is an important issue for corporations to choose an appropriate cause, because choosing the inappropriate cause would bring the result of not only making consumers interest decline about cause-related marketing but also leading to negative corporation attitude. There is a deal of extant research choosing the appropriate cause for cause-related marketing in terms of similarity fit between the products and cause. This similarity fit, which is based on the categorization theory and the persuasive knowledge model, attenuates the activation of persuasion knowledge. However, in the case of high similarity, consumers can misconceive the corporate’s motives about cause-related activities through the perception of creating profit that leads to negative perception which can be a point in dispute. Also, the industry that is applied by the high similarity fit is only a few in practice. Even though the cause of high similarity fit has been chosen, it would be difficult to maintain competitive advantage because of the imitability of competitive companies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to complement similarity fit and to investigate the role of regulatory fit between consumer goals and the cause. The regulatory fit means pursuing tendency of a specific goal that is compatible with individual regulatory focus (Chernev 2004; Higgins 2000). Until now, studies on regulatory fit have been utilized through product advertisements, because high regulatory fit not only makes consumers have positive attitude to come out from coincidence with message framing but also helps to process the message interpretation quickly and easily, in other words, which attenuates the effect of persuasion knowledge(Cesario, Grant and Higgins 2004; Lee and Aaker 2004). If consumers perceived the congruence between consumption goals and the cause, therefore, they will take a positive attitude to cause-related marketing. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the feeling right is derived from regulatory fit between goals and cause affects to attitude to cause- related marketing for cynical consumers. The result indicates that consumers make more positive evaluation for cause-related marketing of high regulatory fit compared to low regulatory fit. In addition, spontaneous priming (prevention- oriented vs. promotion-oriented) through the product characteristics (experiment 1) and through the product benefits as well (experiment 2) were discussed respectively. Furthermore, we investigate the effectiveness of regulatory fit compared to the similarity fit. Also, there is no different attitude to cause-related marketing between high and low levels of cynical consumers in high regulatory fit. This study provides the theoretical implication that the effect of regulatory fit appears not only in the advertisement message related to the products but also in the cause message. It also provides the practical implication that offers the opportunity to extensively use cause-related marketing for corporations.

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