경제적 무력감이 상징소비에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Economic Powerlessness on Symbolic Consumption
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초록
소비자들은 일상적인 소비생활에서 겪을 수 있는 소비제약 상황이나, 주변 사람들과 소비생활을 비교하게 될 때 심리적으로 움츠려 드는 경제적 무력감을 느낄 수 있다. 본 연구는 소비자들이 소비생활을 하며 흔히 느낄 수 있는 심리적 상태인 경제적 무력감을 느낄 때 상징소비행동을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이에, 본 연구는 소비자가 경제적 무력감을 느낄 때, 사회적 무력감을 느낄 때와는 다르게 파워상징상품으로 보상소비를 하지 않고 (가설 1), 소비자들은 경제적 무력감을 느낄 때는 필수상품에 대한 소비지출의향이 높지만, 경제적 자신감을 느낄 때는 파워상징상품에 대한 소비지출의향이 높아질 수 있음을 확인한다 (가설2). 마지막으로 경제적으로 무력감을 느낄 때, 물질주의가 높은 소비자들은 파워상징상품에 대한 추구가 높지만, 물질주의가 낮은 소비자들은 의미상징상품에 대한 추구가 높아질 수 있음을 보여준다 (가설3). 본 연구에서 제시한 가설을 검증하기 위해 연구1은 대학생 175명, 연구2는 대학생 121명, 연구3은 일반인 183명을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 학문적 기여는 소비생활을 하며 빈번히 느낄 수 있는 경제적 무력감을 사회적 무력감과 구분하여 소비행동에 미치는 영향을 설명하였다는 점이다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 다른 사람을 위한 의미있는 소비가치를 반영한 의미상징상품을 제시하여 경제적 무력감 해소를 위한 다양한 상징소비가 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 경제적 무력감이라는 심리적 상태가 파워 리콜태스크 만으로도 전환될 수 있음을 연구결과를 통해 확인하였기에, 긍정적인 사회 분위기 조성은 소비행동에도 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
Personal economic condition can play a critical role in consumers’ purchasing pattern. Purchasing decision of consumers are limited by their personal economic condition (Tully, Tershfield, and Meyvis 2015). In this situation, consumers feel economic powerlessness which can be defined as a feeling of relative deprivation by one’s personal economic condition. Then, how consumers do differentiated compensation consumption when they feel the economic powerlessness? The purpose of this study is to show how economic powerlessness has different impact on consumers behavior than social powerlessness does. This study also examines how materialism which is closely related to consumer behavior affect consumers’ purchasing decisions under economic powerlessness. In order to achieve the purposes of this study, a series of 3 experiments were conducted, As a result of study 1, different from social powerlessness, economic powerlessness does not lead consumers to do compensation consumption with power-symbolic products. Study 2 reveals that consumers have stronger purchasing intentions for necessary goods when they feel economic powerlessness while consumers have stronger purchasing intentions for power-symbolic products when they feel economic confidence. Study 3 reveals that consumers with high materialism show stronger purchasing intentions for power-symbolic products even when consumers feel economic powerlessness. On the contrary, consumers with low materialism show stronger purchasing intentions for meaning-symbolic products when they feel economic powerlessness. This results demonstrates strong impact of materialism on consumers’ behavior under economic powerlessness. This study has several significant contributions in that it distinguishes economic powerlessness from social powerlessness and examines how economic powerlessness influences consumers’ purchasing behaviors. As economic recession continues, investigating consumer behavior under economic powerless is getting more significant. In this light, this study can play an important role as a basis for future studies in respective research area.
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