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공간 내 경험단서에 따른 각성반응 및 제품평가 - 음악과 조명을 중심으로 -

Differences in Arousal Response and Product Evaluation Affected by Experiential Factors within the Marketplace - Focused on Background Music and Lighting -

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

소비자들이 제품을 탐색하고 의사결정을 내리는 동안 제품과 직접적인 관련성은 없으나 같은 공간 내에 존재하고 있는 단서들에 의해서도 다양한 경험을 하게 되며, 이러한 공간 내 경험단서들은 제품을 탐색하고 의사결정을 내리는 과정에도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 특히 현대 소비시장이 더욱 경쟁적이 되어감에 따라 매장 관리자들과 기업들은 공간 내에서 소비자들에게 독특한 경험을 제공하여 다른 경쟁 업체들과 차별화하고자 많은 방법들을 지속적으로 탐구하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소비자들이 의사결정을 내리는 동안 접하게 되는 제품 외적으로 존재하는 공간 내 경험단서들이 소비자 반응에 미치는 영향력에 대해 확인하고자 하였다. 또한 경험단서에 대한 반응을 관찰함에 있어 자기보고식 측정치뿐만 아니라 정신생리학적 측정치를 함께 활용하여 결과의 객관성을 더욱 높이고자 하였다. 먼저 여러 경험단서들 중에서 비교적 통제가 용이한 음악과 조명이 소비자의 각성 반응에 미치는 영향력을 확인하고, 그에 따라 참가자들이 의사결정을 내리기까지 차이가 나타나는지 관찰해 보고자 피부전도반응(SCR) 측정을 활용하였다. 본 연구에서는 음악과 조명이라는 두 가지의 경험단서를 조작하여 실험을 진행하였는데, 조명은 밝기를 조절하여 두 집단으로 나누어 참가자 간 변인으로 설정하였다. 음악의 경우에는 템포와 복잡성이라는 두 가지의 변수에 초점을 맞추어 같은 음악을 편곡만 다르게 하여 최대한 다른 변수들의 영향력을 통제하고자 하였으며, 4가지 버전을 제작하여 참가자 내 변인으로 설정하였다. 연구 결과, 음악과 조명의 조작에 따라서 참가자들의 피부전도반응에 있어서 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 음악의 템포가 빠르고, 더 복잡하고, 조명이 밝은 경우에 각성수준이 더 높게 나타났으며, 그 중에서도 음악의 경우에는 복잡성보다 템포가 각성 반응에 더 큰 영향력을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 각성수준에 따른 소비자 반응을 관찰한 결과, 각성수준이 낮거나 높은 경우보다 중간수준일 경우에 제품평가에 있어서 더 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 소비자들이 의사결정과정에서 제품 외적으로 존재하는 경험단서의 변화 역시도 소비자 반응에 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 피부전도반응과 같은 객관적인 지표를 통해 소비자 반응을 관찰하여 그 영향력을 확인함으로써 보다 객관적으로 소비자의 행동을 설명하고자 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Abstract

Consumers are exposed to non-product experiential factors during their decision making process. As the marketplace becoming more and more competitive, marketers constantly search for the methodology to provide consumer a unique store experience. Spatial variables including background music, lighting, color and scent can affect consumer’s decision making process. For this issue, the purpose of this study is to find out the effect of spatial factors on consumer’s behavior. First we controlled musical elements and illuminance level and found out how they can affect to participants’ arousal level and how the arousal level can cause changes in visual search and product evaluation. The experiment design a 4(musical tempo: high / low, musical complexity: high / low) × 2(illuminance level: high / low) mixed factorial design. The results are as followed: First, musical elements and illuminance level significantly affects participants’ arousal level. Higher level of musical elements and illuminance level induced more arousing response. Second, arousal level also affects visual search behavior and product evaluation. If arousal level was too low or too high, tend to evaluate products less favorable as well as spent less time on searching products’ information. Also, musical elements affect participants’ arousal level more highly than illuminance level. This study showed that environmental variables affect consumers’ arousal level in turn, can affect consumers’ searching behavior and product attitude. These presents results emphasize how spatial factors have powerful impact and provide implications for how to control spatial variables to create an distinct store atmospheric feature.

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