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브랜드 의인화 포지셔닝 유형이 소비자의 브랜드 평가에 미치는 영향: 소비자의 사회적 유대와 지각된 권력의 조절효과를 중심으로

The Effects of Anthropomorphized Brand Positioning on Consumers’ Brand Evaluation: The Moderating Effect of Social Connection and Perceived Power

박혜경|김소라|전성률
한국소비자학회 (Korean Society Of Consumer Studies)|2017.12|소비자학연구 (Journal of Consumer Studies)|제28권 제6호|pp. 45-74|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.35736/JCS.28.6.3

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참고문헌

키워드

power지각된 권력사회적 유대브랜드 의인화social connection파트너 브랜드서번트 브랜드brand anthropomorphismpartner brandservant brand
주제분류경제학

초록

브랜드 의인화 전략(anthropomorphized brand)은 소비자가 브랜드를 단순하게 사물로 인식하는 것을 넘어, 인간 대 인간의 관계와 유사한 사회적 관계를 맺을 수 있는 상대로 인지시키는 전략이다. 이 전략은 브랜드-소비자 관계의 질을 높이고 지속적으로 강력한 관계를 유지시키기 위한 방안으로써 고려되는 마케팅 전략 중 하나이다. 사회적 관계에는 동료관계, 상사와 부하관계 등 매우 다양한 유형이 존재한다. 따라서 소비자와 의인화된 브랜드가 맺는 관계 역시 여러 유형이 존재할 수 있다는 점을 짐작해 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 관점에서, 브랜드가 소비자의 ‘파트너’, 즉 함께 가치를 만들어 가는 수평적 관계를 맺는 존재로 포지셔닝 되는 경우와 소비자와 수직적 관계를 맺으며 소비자를 위해 가치를 만들어 제공해주는 ‘서번트’로 의인화되어 포지셔닝 되는 경우를 비교해 보았다. 소비자가 어떤 사회적 관계 속에서 사회적 욕구의 결핍 혹은 부족을 지각했을 때, 이를 극복하기 위한 대응행동을 하게 되는데, 이 때 의인화된 브랜드가 인간의 대체적 존재로서의 역할을 할 수 있다고 예상하였다. 본 연구에서는 사회적 관계를 수평적 관계와 수직적 관계로 구분하고, 각각의 관계에서 사회적 거리를 발생시키는 요인(사회적 유대의 부족과 지각된 권력의 부족)이 다르며, 그에 따라서 소비자가 필요로 하는 대체적 존재가 다를 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 구체적으로는, 수평적 관계에서 사회적 유대감이 부족한 경우에 소비자들은 파트너로 의인화된 브랜드를 더욱 긍정적으로 평가하고, 반면 수직적 관계에서 지각된 권력의 부족을 인식하는 소비자들은 서번트로 의인화된 브랜드를 더욱 긍정적으로 평가하는 경향을 보이는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 두 개의 실험을 진행하였다. 실험1에서는 소비자의 지각된 사회적 유대 정도에 따라서 파트너 및 서번트로 포지셔닝된 브랜드에 대한 평가가 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 실험2에서는 소비자의 지각된 권력 수준에 따른 파트너 및 서번트로 포지셔닝된 브랜드에 대한 평가를 비교․분석하였다. 예상한 대로, 사회적 유대의 부족을 지각한 소비자들은 사회적 유대가 충분한 경우 보다 파트너로 의인화된 브랜드를 더욱 긍정적으로 평가하였으며, 이러한 효과는 브랜드-자아이미지 일치도가 높을수록 강하게 나타났다. 한편, 지각된 권력의 부족을 지각한 소비자들은 지각된 권력이 충분한 경우 보다 서번트로 포지셔닝된 브랜드를 더욱 긍정적으로 평가하였으며, 이 때 브랜드-자아이미지 일치도의 조절효과는 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 학문적으로 브랜드 의인화의 유형을 밝히고 소비자의 특성 및 사회적 관계 욕구의 유형과 수준에 따라서 브랜드 태도가 어떻게 달라지는지 관계를 규명하는데 기여하였다. 실무적으로는 소비자와 브랜드의 관계를 강화하기 위한 전략으로서 브랜드 의인화 전략의 유용성을 보여주었고, 타겟 집단의 사회적 욕구의 유형에 따라 차별적인 브랜드 포지셔닝 전략의 필요성을 시사 하였다.

Abstract

Brand anthropomorphism is one of the marketing strategies for strengthening the relationship between the brand and consumers. When consumers anthropomorphize the brand, they tend to seem the brand as human not just as an object itself. So, they want to make the quasi social relationship with the brand similar to the social relationship with humans. There are many different types of interpersonal relationships such as the colleague relationship, the hierarchical relationship, and so on. Similarly, there are various types of relationships between consumers and an anthropomorphized brand. The current research focused on the two distinct types of consumer-anthropomorphized brand relationships: One is brand-as-partner relationship in which brands coproduce the benefits with consumers; and the other one is brand-as-servant relationship in which the brands make a commitment to create and provide the benefits with consumers. We expect that consumers would anthropomorphize brands for coping with the situations caused by social needs for social connection or perceived power. This research investigated the horizontal and the hierarchical social relationship, and consumers may need different social needs – the social needs for social connection and the needs for the perceived power, and these needs have different effects on partner and servant brand evaluation, respectively. To test hypotheses, two experiments were conducted. Study1 examined the effects of the social connection on the evaluation for brand-as partner and brand-as-servant. Study2 examined the effects of the perceived power on the evaluation for brand-as-partner and brand-as-servant. As expected, the participants in the low social connection condition tended to more positively evaluate brand-as-partner than those in the high social connection condition, and this effect is greater as the brand-self image congruence increases. In contrast, the participants in the low perceived power condition tended to more positively evaluate brand-as-servant than those in the high perceived power condition, and there was no moderating effect of brand-self image congruence. The present article academically contributes to the brand anthropomorphism by finding out the effects of consumers’ characteristics and the magnitude of social relationship needs on the brand evaluation. It also provides the following managerial implications: the brand anthropomorphism is an useful strategy for increasing the consumer-brand relationship, and brand positioning strategies would be different depending on the targeting’s social needs types.

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