요중 코티닌 농도를 이용한 클럽 이용자들의 간접흡연 수준 평가
Estimation of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Clubs Based on Urinary Cotinine Levels
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background Increasing numbers of young people go to clubs. In Korea, however, no studies have been conducted regarding the exposure of club patrons to secondhand smoke. The present study was conducted to evaluate the degree of club customers' exposure to secondhand smoke. Methods The study subjects included 10 male and 12 female non-smokers. The investigational site was a club located in Daegu. Urine samples were collected before exposure to secondhand smoke in the club and 6 hours after a 3-hour exposure. The urine cotinine levels were measured via the LC-MS/MS method. A survey was conducted to collect data regarding the subjects' smoking experiences and the degree of exposure to secondhand smoke in their daily lives. Results The average urine cotinine level increased from 1.09 µg/L to 5.55 µg/L (p<0.05). No significant difference existed in the change in urine cotinine level between the male and female subjects. In addition, there was no significant difference in the change in urine cotinine level by the degree of exposure to secondhand smoke in daily life. Conclusions The average urine cotinine level in all the subjects significantly increased after exposure to secondhand smoke. This is the first study on exposure to secondhand smoke in clubs; these results can be used to craft measures that reduce exposure to secondhand smoke in public places, such as clubs.
Abstract
Background Increasing numbers of young people go to clubs. In Korea, however, no studies have been conducted regarding the exposure of club patrons to secondhand smoke. The present study was conducted to evaluate the degree of club customers' exposure to secondhand smoke. Methods The study subjects included 10 male and 12 female non-smokers. The investigational site was a club located in Daegu. Urine samples were collected before exposure to secondhand smoke in the club and 6 hours after a 3-hour exposure. The urine cotinine levels were measured via the LC-MS/MS method. A survey was conducted to collect data regarding the subjects' smoking experiences and the degree of exposure to secondhand smoke in their daily lives. Results The average urine cotinine level increased from 1.09 µg/L to 5.55 µg/L (p<0.05). No significant difference existed in the change in urine cotinine level between the male and female subjects. In addition, there was no significant difference in the change in urine cotinine level by the degree of exposure to secondhand smoke in daily life. Conclusions The average urine cotinine level in all the subjects significantly increased after exposure to secondhand smoke. This is the first study on exposure to secondhand smoke in clubs; these results can be used to craft measures that reduce exposure to secondhand smoke in public places, such as clubs.
참고문헌 (14)
- Lee WC, "Passive smoking", Korean J Med, 52(Suppl 1), pp.34~40 (1997)
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, "IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans-tobacco smoking, Vol. 38", ~ (1985)
- Current intelligence bulletine 54, environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace lung cancer and other health effects, "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health", NIOSH, ~, pp.NIOSH Publication No. 91-108 (1991)
- Mackay J, "The tobacco atlas" (2002), World Health Organization
- Hoegg UR, "Cigarette smoke in closed spaces", Environ Health Perspect, 2, pp.117~128 (1972)
- 김민정, "간전흡연과 요 중 코티닌치의 관계", Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 28(5), pp.379~382 (2007), 대한가정의학회
- Kim HJ, "Relationship between environmental tobacco smoke and urinary cotinine levels in passive smokers at their residence", J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol, 14(Suppl 1), pp.S65~S70 (2004)
- 박용선, "PC방에서의 간접흡연에 따른 요중 코티닌의 농도", 한국환경보건학회지, 28(1), pp.11~19 (2002), 한국환경보건학회
- Tang JL, "How effective is nicotine replacement therapy in helping people to stop smoking?", BMJ, 308, pp.21~26 (1994)
- Benowitz NL, "Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure", Epidemiol Rev, 18, pp.188~204 (1996)
- Jarvis MJ, "Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers", Am J Public Health, 77, pp.1435~1438 (1987)
- Hukkanen J, "Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine", Pharmacol Rev, 57, pp.79~115 (2005)
- Heinrich J, "Nicotine and cotinine in adults' urine: the german environmental survey 1998", J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol, 15, pp.74~80 (2005)
- Lazcano-Ponce E, "Secondhand smoke exposure in Mexican discotheques", Nicotine Tob Res, 9, pp.1021~1026 (2007)