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Narcolepsy and other of hypersomnias
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Ten to 15% of general population suffers from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). EDS is observed more frequently in school-age children or young adults than in middle-aged adults. The most common cause of EDS is “voluntary” sleep restriction causing night sleep deprivation. Among the EDS conditions arising from central nervous system dysfunction, so-called primary disorders of somnolence, narcolepsy is the most well known and extensively studied. Narcolepsy is characterized by chronic EDS and abnormal manifestations of rapid eye movement sleep such as cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucination, and sleep paralysis. It is a frequently occurring but under-diagnosed condition that affects 0.02~0.18% of the general population in various countries. Idiopathic hypersomnia, the recurrent hypersomnias, and posttraumatic hypersmonias also must be well understood to provide appropriate evaluation and management of the patient with EDS. Idiopathic hypersomnia is frequently overdiagnosed due to a tendency to label as such all hypersomnias that do not fit the criteria of either narcolepsy or sleep apnea syndrome. The authors reviewed the clinical features and pathogenesis of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias and described diagnostic procedures and differential points between narcolepsy and other hypersomnias
Abstract
Ten to 15% of general population suffers from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). EDS is observed more frequently in school-age children or young adults than in middle-aged adults. The most common cause of EDS is “voluntary” sleep restriction causing night sleep deprivation. Among the EDS conditions arising from central nervous system dysfunction, so-called primary disorders of somnolence, narcolepsy is the most well known and extensively studied. Narcolepsy is characterized by chronic EDS and abnormal manifestations of rapid eye movement sleep such as cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucination, and sleep paralysis. It is a frequently occurring but under-diagnosed condition that affects 0.02~0.18% of the general population in various countries. Idiopathic hypersomnia, the recurrent hypersomnias, and posttraumatic hypersmonias also must be well understood to provide appropriate evaluation and management of the patient with EDS. Idiopathic hypersomnia is frequently overdiagnosed due to a tendency to label as such all hypersomnias that do not fit the criteria of either narcolepsy or sleep apnea syndrome. The authors reviewed the clinical features and pathogenesis of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias and described diagnostic procedures and differential points between narcolepsy and other hypersomnias