Phytosociological Analysis of Woody Species in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary and Its Adjoining Areas in Western Himalaya, India
2
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The aim of the present study was to assess the variation in species composition and diversity of woody species at different altitudes (900 to 2600 m asl) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) and its adjoining areas in Garhwal Himalaya, India. A total of 94 woody plant species (including 44 tree and 50 shrub species) belonging to 72 genera and 44 families were reported. Density varied from 235±9 to 505±21 trees ha−1 and 4,730±474 to 9,530±700 shrubs ha−1. Total basal cover varied from 10.49±0.66 to 42.92±2.57 m2 ha−1 (trees) and 0.36±0.024 to 0.62±0.047 m2 ha−1 (shrubs). Shannon-Wiener Index fluctuated between 2.30 to 3.53 (trees) and 2.74 to 3.78 (shrubs). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that altitude and aspect had significant effect on the distribution of woody species. Taxonomically, Rosaceae with 15 species emerged as the dominant family. Low value of maturity index and contiguous distribution of species denoted the early successional status of the studied forests. The conservation assessment based on altitudinal regimes and the information on species structure and function can provide baseline information for monitoring and sustaining the biodiversity.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the variation in species composition and diversity of woody species at different altitudes (900 to 2600 m asl) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) and its adjoining areas in Garhwal Himalaya, India. A total of 94 woody plant species (including 44 tree and 50 shrub species) belonging to 72 genera and 44 families were reported. Density varied from 235±9 to 505±21 trees ha−1 and 4,730±474 to 9,530±700 shrubs ha−1. Total basal cover varied from 10.49±0.66 to 42.92±2.57 m2 ha−1 (trees) and 0.36±0.024 to 0.62±0.047 m2 ha−1 (shrubs). Shannon-Wiener Index fluctuated between 2.30 to 3.53 (trees) and 2.74 to 3.78 (shrubs). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that altitude and aspect had significant effect on the distribution of woody species. Taxonomically, Rosaceae with 15 species emerged as the dominant family. Low value of maturity index and contiguous distribution of species denoted the early successional status of the studied forests. The conservation assessment based on altitudinal regimes and the information on species structure and function can provide baseline information for monitoring and sustaining the biodiversity.
참고문헌 (69)
- Armesto JJ, "A comparison of spatial patterns of trees in some tropical and temperate forests", Biotropica, 18, pp.1~11 (1986)
- Baduni NP, "Flexibility fitness compromise in some moist temperate forests of Garhwal Himalaya", Ann For, 5, pp.126~135 (1997)
- Bhat JA, "Diversity of flora along an altitudinal gradient in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary", 박사, pp.2012
- Champion HG, "A revised survey of the forest types of India" (1968), Manager of Publications
- Curtis JT, "Plant ecology work book; laboratory field reference manual", pp.193~ (1956), Burgess Pub. Co
- Curtis JT, "The Interrelation of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters", Ecology, 31, pp.434~455 (1950)
- Elouard C, "Monitoring the structure and dynamics of a dense moist evergreen forest in the Western Ghats(Kodagu District, Kernataka, India)", Tropical Ecology, 38, pp.193~214 (1997)
- Sumeet Gairola, "Species Composition and Diversity in Mid-altitudinal Moist Temperate Forests of the Western Himalaya", Journal of forest and environmental science, 27(1), pp.1~15 (2011), 산림과학연구소
- Gaur RD, "Flora of the district Garhwal northwest Himalaya:with ethanobotanical notes" (1999), TransMedia
- Ghildiyal S, "Community structure and composition of oak forests along altitudinal gradient in Garhwal Himalaya", Ind J For, 21, pp.242~247 (1998)
- Hubbell SP, "Light-Gap disturbances, recruitment limitation, and tree diversity in a neotropical forest", Science, 283, pp.554~557 (1999)
- Jaccard P, "The distribution of the flora in alpine zone", New Phytol, 11, pp.37~50 (1912)
- Khan SM, "Vegetation dynamics in the Western Himalayas, Diversity indices and climate change", Sci Tech Dev, 31, pp.232~243 (2012)
- Kharkwal G, "Phytodiversity and growth form in relation to altitudinal gradient in the Central Himalayan(Kumaon)Region of India", Curr Sci, 89, pp.873~878 (2005)
- Kharkwal G, "Qualitative analysis of tree species in evergreen forests of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India", African J Plant Sci, 3, pp.49~52 (2009)
- Kumar A, "Anthropogenic disturbances and plant biodiversity in forest of Uttaranchal, central Himalaya", Biodiv Cons, 14, pp.309~331 (2005)
- Kumar M, "Plant biodiversity and conservation of forests in foot hills of Garhwal Himalaya", Lyonia, 11, pp.43~59 (2006)
- Kusumlata, "Quantitative analysis and regeneration potential of moist temperate forest in Garhwal Himalaya", Ind J For, 14, pp.98~106 (1991)
- Malik ZA, "Community composition and tree population structure along a disturbance gradient in a protected area and its adjoining areas in Garhwal Himalaya", Change in cryosphere its impact on ecosystem services and rural livelihoods: Understanding local adaptation in the Himalayan region, pp.297~312 (2014), University of Jammu
- Malik ZA, "Species richness and diversity along the disturbance gradient in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary and its adjoining areas in Garhwal Himalaya, India", Int J Curr Res, 6, pp.10918~10926 (2014)
- Malik ZA, "Forest resource use pattern in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary and its fringe areas(a case study from Western Himalaya, India)", Energy Policy, 67, pp.138~145 (2014)
- Malik ZA, "Phytosociological behavoiur, anthropogenic disturbances and regeneration status along an altitudinal gradient in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) and its adjoining areas", 박사, pp.2014
- Malik ZA, "Regeneration status of tree species and survival of their seedlings in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary and its adjoining areas in Western Himalaya, India", Tropical Ecology (2015)
- Margalef DR, "Information theory in ecology", General Systems Yearbook, 3, pp.36~71 (1958)
- Mathur VB, "Envis Bulletin: Wildlife and Protected Areas. 3 (1)" (2000), Wildlife Institute of India
- Misra R, "Ecology workbook", pp.244~ (1968), Oxford and IBH Publishing Co
- Naithani BD, "Flora of Chamoli" (1984), Botanical Survey of India
- Nautiyal S, "Conserving the Himalayan forests : approaches and implications of different conservation regimes", Biodiv Cons, 16, pp.3737~3754 (2007)
- Negi KS, "Principal wild food plants of Western Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, India", Higher Plants of Indian Subcontinent, 3, pp.1~147 (1994)
- Odum EP, "Fundamentals of Ecology" (1971), Saunders Company
- Pande PK, "Plant species diversity, composition, gradient analysis and regeneration behaviour of some tree species in a moist temperate western Himalayan forest ecosystem", Ind For, 128, pp.869~886 (2002)
- Pande PK, "Quantitative vegetation analysis as per aspect and altitude, and regeneration behaviour of tree species in Garhwal Himalayan forest", Ann For, 9, pp.39~52 (2001)
- Pant S, "Diversity and regeneration status of tree species in Khokhan Wildlife Sanctuary, north-western Himalaya", Tropical Ecology, 53, pp.317~331 (2012)
- Pant S, "Assessment of plant diversity and prioritization of communities for conservation in Mornaula Reserve Forest", App Eco Env Res, 5, pp.123~138 (2007)
- Phillips EA, "Methods of Vegetation study", pp.107~ (1959), Henry Holt and Co. Inc
- Pichi-Sermolli RE, "An index for establishing the degree of maturity in plant communities", J Eco, 36, pp.85~90 (1948)
- Pielou EC, "Ecological Diversity" (1975), Wiley
- Prakash C, "Structure of forest vegetation along an altitudinal gradient in the Valley of Flowers National Park and its vicinity, Western Himalaya", Ann For, 7, pp.60~69 (1999)
- Puri GS, "Indian Forest Ecology Vol. 2" (1960), Oxford Book & Sty. Co
- Putman RJ, "Community Ecology" (1994), Chapman & Hall
- Raturi GP, "Forest community structure along an altitudinal gradient of district Rudraprayag of Garhwal Himalaya, India", Ecologia, 2, pp.76~84 (2012)
- Rawat VS, "Human impact on diversity gradient around govind Pashu Vihar national park of Uttarakhand", Int J Advan Biosci, 1, pp.10~16 (2013)
- Rawat YS, "Van Panchayats as an effective tool in conserving biodiversity at local level", J Env Pro, 1, pp.278~283 (2010)
- Richards PW, "The tropical rainforest" (1996), Cambridge University Press
- Rikhari HC, "Pattern of species distribution and community characters along a moisture gradient within an oak zone of Kumaun Himalaya", Proc Ind Nat Acad, 55, pp.431~438 (1989)
- Sagar R, "Tree species composition, dispersion and diversity along a disturbance gradient in a dry tropical forest region of India", For Eco Manage, 186, pp.61~71 (2003)
- Sanjeev, "Phytosociological analysis of Arnigad micro-watershed in Mussorie hills of Garhwal Himalayas", Ind For, 132, pp.19~29 (2006)
- Saxena AK, "A Phytosociological analysis of woody species in forest communities of a part of the Kumaun Himalaya", Vegetatio, 50, pp.3~22 (1982)
- Semwal DP, "Structure, Composition and Dominance-Diversity relations in three forest types of a part of kedarnath wildlife sanctuary, central Himalaya, India", Not Sci Biol, 2, pp.128~132 (2010)
- Shaheen H, "Species composition and community structure of western Himalayan moist temperate forests in Kashmir", For Eco Manage, 278, pp.138~145 (2012)
- Shannon CE, "The mathematical theory of communication", pp.117~ (1963), University of Illinois Press
- Sharma CM, "Community composition and population structure in temperate mixed broad-leaved and coniferous forest along an altitudinal gradient in a part of Garhwal Himalaya", J Hill Res, 14, pp.32~43 (2001)
- Sharma CM, "Structural composition of mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest along an altitudinal gradient in Trikuta hills of Jammu province of the Western Himalaya", J Hill Res, 12, pp.107~113 (1999)
- Sharma CM, "Role of physiographic factors in distribution of Abies pindrow(Silver Fir)along an altitudinal gradient in Himalayan temperate forests", Environmentalist, 30, pp.76~84 (2010)
- Simpson EH, "Measurement of Diversity", Nature, 163, pp.688~690 (1949)
- Singh D, "Forest structure, diversity, growing stock variation and regeneration status of different forest cover types in Dudatoli area of Garhwal Himalaya", 박사, pp.2013
- Singh G, "Diversity of vascular plants in some parts of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (Western Himalaya)", 박사, pp.2008
- Singh JS, "Structure and function of central Himalaya oak forests", Proc Ind Nat Acad, 96, pp.159~189 (1986)
- Singh JS, "The biodiversity crisis : a multifaceted review", Curr Sci, 82, pp.638~647 (2002)
- Singh SP, "Biomass productivity, leaf longevity and forest structure in the Central Himalaya", Ecol Monogr, 64, pp.401~421 (1994)
- Slobodkin LB, "On the contribution of environmental predictability to species diversity", Brookhaven Symp Biol, 22, pp.82~95 (1969)
- Sørensen T, "A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content and its application to analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons", Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Biologiske Skrifter, 5, pp.1~34 (1948)
- Srivastava RK, "Structure, diversity and regeneration potential of Oak dominant conifer mixed forest along an altitudinal gradient in Garhwal Himalaya", Ind For, 131, pp.1537~1553 (2005)
- Uniyal P, "Plant diversity in two forest types along the disturbance gradient in Dewalgarh Watershed, Garhwal Himalaya", Curr Sci, 98, pp.938~943 (2010)
- Wikum DA, "Analysis of North Dakota Gallery forest vegetation in relation to topographic and soil gradients", Ecol Monogr, 44, pp.441~464 (1974)
- Whitford PB, "Distribution of woodland plants in relation to succession and clonal growth", Ecology, 30, pp.199~208 (1949)
- Whittaker RH, "Evolution and measurement of species diversity", Taxon, 21, pp.213~215 (1972)
- Zhang JT, "Vegetation patterns and species diversity along elevational and disturbance gradients in the Baihua Mountain Reserve, Beijing, China", Mt Res Dev, 33, pp.170~178 (2013)
- Zobel DB, "Relationships of environment to the composition, structure and diversity of forest communities of the central western cascades of Oregon", Ecol Monogr, 46, pp.135~156 (1976)
