近代 司法制度 成立史 比較硏究

Abstract

Making Independent Courts :Its Constitutional History in JapanShin, Woo-CheolIn this article, I trace Japan’s legal efforts to establish independent courts after the Meiji Restoration. First, I analyze some literatures that introduced the new idea of judicial independence to modern Japan. In Chapter II, the works of Nishi Amane(西周[助]) and Tsuda Mamichi(津田眞道) will be heavily studied. Chapter III will discuss the constitutional experiences concerning judicial independence since the Meiji Restoration. And here I focus on the thoughts of the “Constitution Founding Fathers” who made the new Meiji regime, ie., Iwakura Tomomi(岩倉具視), Ito Hirobumi(伊藤博文), Inoue Kowashi(井上毅), Karl Friedrich Hermann Roesler, Lorenz von Stein, and Rudolf von Gneist. In Chapter IV, I discuss the legal frameworks of judicial independence, and review such documents as Official Regulations of Judicial Affairs(Shiho-Syokumu-Teisei) of 1872, Official Regulations of the Supreme Court and District Courts(Daishinin-Syosaibansyo-Syokusei-Syotei) of 1875 and 1877, and Law of Court Organization(Saibansyokoseiho) of 1890. Lastly, I examine the reality of judicial independence at that time. In Chapter V, I detect the biggest obstacle on Japan’s way to judicial modernization, i.e., the misuse of the state initiatives.