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Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Clinical Manifestations and Consequences

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초록

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly impacts the quality of life in children, affectingtheir physical and mental health. The pathophysiology involves a complex interaction betweenanatomical factors (such as enlarged tonsils, adenoids, and structural abnormalities) and obesity,along with neuromuscular compensations. Clinical manifestations include loud snoring, breathingpauses, restless sleep, unusual sleeping positions, and frequent awakenings. OSA can leadto enuresis, growth impairment, poor academic performance, and neurocognitive and behavioraldifficulties. Long-term consequences are cardiovascular morbidity, metabolic dysfunction,and neurocognitive impairment. Many studies have explored these associations and theimpact of adenotonsillectomy. This review provides an overview of clinical manifestations andconsequences of OSA, aiming to enhance diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric OSA.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly impacts the quality of life in children, affectingtheir physical and mental health. The pathophysiology involves a complex interaction betweenanatomical factors (such as enlarged tonsils, adenoids, and structural abnormalities) and obesity,along with neuromuscular compensations. Clinical manifestations include loud snoring, breathingpauses, restless sleep, unusual sleeping positions, and frequent awakenings. OSA can leadto enuresis, growth impairment, poor academic performance, and neurocognitive and behavioraldifficulties. Long-term consequences are cardiovascular morbidity, metabolic dysfunction,and neurocognitive impairment. Many studies have explored these associations and theimpact of adenotonsillectomy. This review provides an overview of clinical manifestations andconsequences of OSA, aiming to enhance diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric OSA.

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