Effects of Intramuscular Epinephrine Injection and Systemic Sildenafil Citrate on Rat Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flap Survival
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background and Objectives Flaps are commonly employed for reconstruction, and manystudies have sought to improve flap survival. In this study, we determined whether sildenafiland epinephrine synergistically improve the survival rate of transverse rectus abdominis mus-culocutaneous (TRAM) flaps. Materials and Method Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups ofsix rats each: a control group, an epinephrine group, a sildenafil group, and an epinephrine-plus-sildenafil group. TRAM flaps were elevated on the upper abdomen. Results The average flap survival area and number of blood vessels differed significantlybetween the control and experimental groups; however, the various experimental groups didnot differ significantly. The level of vascular epithelial growth factor was higher in the experi-mental groups than in the control group. Conclusion Both epinephrine and sildenafil citrate significantly improve TRAM flap sur-vival in rats. However, whether effects are better when the drugs are combined rather thanwhen used alone remains unclear. Further research is required.
Abstract
Background and Objectives Flaps are commonly employed for reconstruction, and manystudies have sought to improve flap survival. In this study, we determined whether sildenafiland epinephrine synergistically improve the survival rate of transverse rectus abdominis mus-culocutaneous (TRAM) flaps. Materials and Method Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups ofsix rats each: a control group, an epinephrine group, a sildenafil group, and an epinephrine-plus-sildenafil group. TRAM flaps were elevated on the upper abdomen. Results The average flap survival area and number of blood vessels differed significantlybetween the control and experimental groups; however, the various experimental groups didnot differ significantly. The level of vascular epithelial growth factor was higher in the experi-mental groups than in the control group. Conclusion Both epinephrine and sildenafil citrate significantly improve TRAM flap sur-vival in rats. However, whether effects are better when the drugs are combined rather thanwhen used alone remains unclear. Further research is required.
참고문헌 (21)
- Mahieu R, "Head and neck reconstruction with pedicled flaps in the free flap era", Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital, 36(6), pp.459~468 (2016)
- Ozgentaş HE, "Study of the delay phenomenon in the rat TRAM flap model", Plast Reconstr Surg, 94(7), pp.1018~1024 (1994)
- Tsai JW, "Evaluation of the effect of sildenafil and vascular endothelium growth factor combination treatment on skin flap survival in rats", Aesthetic Plast Surg, 32(4), pp.624~631 (2008)
- Phillips BG, "Sympathetic activation by sildenafil", Circulation, 102(25), pp.3068~3073 (2000)
- Asai S, "Topical administration of prostaglandin E1 with iontophoresis for skin flap viability", Ann Plast Surg, 38(5), pp.514~517 (1997)
- Pearl RM, "A unifying theory of the delay phenomenon--recovery from the hyperadrenergic state", Ann Plast Surg, 7(2), pp.102~112 (1981)
- Karacaoglu E, "Chemical delay : An alternative to surgical delay experimental study", Ann Plast Surg, 49(1), pp.73~80 (2002)
- Cinpolat A, "Comparing various surgical delay methods with ischemic preconditioning in the rat TRAM flap model", J Reconstr Microsurg, 30(5), pp.335~342 (2014)
- Costa W, "Analysis of effect isoxsuprine hydrochloride and nicotine in the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap(TRAM)in rats", Acta Cir Bras, 30(7), pp.497~502 (2015)
- Sarifakioglu N, "The influence of sildenafil on random skin flap survival in rats : An experimental study", Br J Plast Surg, 57(8), pp.769~772 (2004)
- Hallock GG, "Evidence for the efficacy of TRAM flap delay in a rat model", Plast Reconstr Surg, 96(6), pp.1351~1357 (1995)
- Krammer CW, "The effects of epinephrine and dobutamine on skin flap viability in rats : A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study", J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 68(1), pp.113~119 (2015)
- Wu ZJ, "The influence of topical vasodilator-induced pharmacologic delay on cutaneous flap viability and vascular remodeling", Plast Reconstr Surg, 149(3), pp.629~637 (2022)
- Pickens JP, "The effects of extended perioperative pentoxifylline on random skin flap survival", Am J Otolaryngol, 15(5), pp.358~369 (1994)
- Pu LL, "Endothelial cell growth factor enhances musculocutaneous flap survival through the process of neovascularization", Ann Plast Surg, 42(3), pp.306~312 (1999)
- Cakmak E, "Effect of sildenafil citrate on secondary healing in full thickness skin defects in experiment", Bratisl Lek Listy, 115(5), pp.267~271 (2014)
- Hart K, "Short-and long-term effects of sildenafil on skin flap survival in rats", Laryngoscope, 116(4), pp.522~528 (2006)
- Gillies HC, "Coronary and systemic hemodynamic effects of sildenafil citrate : From basic science to clinical studies in patients with cardiovascular disease", Int J Cardiol, 86(2-3), pp.131~141 (2002)
- Raja SG, "Sildenafil : Emerging cardiovascular indications", Ann Thorac Surg, 78(4), pp.1496~1506 (2004)
- Fazan R Jr, "Sildenafil acts on the central nervous system increasing sympathetic activity", J Appl Physiol(1985), 104(6), pp.1683~1689 (2008)
- Black CE, "Effect of nicotine on vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses in human skin vasculature", Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 281(4), pp.R1097~104 (2001)