본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

From linguistic scales to constraints: Fixed-rank vs. stringency-related constraints

홍성훈
한국음운론학회 (The Phonology-Morphology Circle of Korea)|2022.04|음성음운형태론연구 (Studies in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology)|제28권 제1호|pp. 111-139|DOI 10.17959/sppm.2022.28.1.111

1

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

goodness of fitsonoritysyllabificationRoot Mean Square ErrorR2linguistic scalesNoisy Exponential Harmonic Grammar
주제분류언어학

초록

This paper examines how we should convert linguistic scales into constraints. Linguistic scales designate implicational universals, which have been represented in terms of fixed-rank (FR) or stringency-related (SR) constraints in Optimality Theory. Centering on the syllabification of English word-medial consonants, in which the hierarchical sonority values of onset and coda consonants play a significant role, this paper constructs two weighted constraint grammars, one with FR constraints and the other with SR constraints, and compares the goodness of fit of the two grammar models by measuring error rates (Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The results show that the SR constraint model, which is simpler than the FR model (since it does not need fixed rankings), is lower in error rates and better addresses observed variance, and thus provides a better fit for the given data than the FR model.

Abstract

This paper examines how we should convert linguistic scales into constraints. Linguistic scales designate implicational universals, which have been represented in terms of fixed-rank (FR) or stringency-related (SR) constraints in Optimality Theory. Centering on the syllabification of English word-medial consonants, in which the hierarchical sonority values of onset and coda consonants play a significant role, this paper constructs two weighted constraint grammars, one with FR constraints and the other with SR constraints, and compares the goodness of fit of the two grammar models by measuring error rates (Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The results show that the SR constraint model, which is simpler than the FR model (since it does not need fixed rankings), is lower in error rates and better addresses observed variance, and thus provides a better fit for the given data than the FR model.

참고문헌 (59)

  1. AKAIKE, HIROTUGU, "Second International Symposium on Information Theory", pp.267~281 (1973), Akademiai Kiado
  2. ANTTILA, ARTO, "Variation, Change and Phonological Theory", pp.35~69 (1997), John Benjamins
  3. BAAYEN, R. HERALD, "The CELEX Lexical Database" (1995), Linguistic Data Consortium
  4. BAERTSCH, KAREN, "The Sonority Controversy", pp.3~38 (2012), De Gruyter Mouton
  5. BAILEY, CHARLES, "Gradience in English Syllabization and a Revised Concept of Unmarked Syllabization" (1978), Indiana University Linguistics Club
  6. BAUER, LAURIE, "The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology" (2013), Oxford University Press
  7. BELL, ALAN, "Syllables and segments", Language, 58(1), pp.198~204 (1978)
  8. BOERSMA, PAUL, "Convergence properties of a gradual learning algorithm for Harmonic Grammar", Rutgers Optimality Archive #970, ~ (2008)
  9. BOERSMA, PAUL, "Harmonic Grammar and Harmonic Serialism", pp.389~434 (2016), Equinox Press
  10. "Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 6.1.09)" (2020)[URL]
  11. BOROWSKY, TONI, "Topics in the Lexical Phonology of English", PhD, pp.1986
  12. BURNHAM, KENNETH, "Multimodel inference:Understanding AIC and BIC in model selection", Sociological Methods and Research, 33(2), pp.261~304 (2004)
  13. CLEMENTS, GEORGE, "Papers in Laboratory Phonology I", pp.283~333 (1990), Cambridge University Press
  14. CLEMENTS, GEORGE, "CV Phonology: A Generative Theory of Syllable" (1983), The MIT Press
  15. COETZEE, ANDRIES, "Frequency biases in phonological variation", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 31(1), pp.47~89 (2013)
  16. CROSSWHITE, KATHERINE, "Vowel Reduction in Optimality Theory", PhD, pp.1999
  17. DAVIS, STUART, "The syllable contact constraint in Korean: An Optimality-Theoretic analysis", Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 8(4), pp.285~312 (1999)
  18. DE LACY, PAUL, "The Formal Expression of Markedness", PhD, pp.2002
  19. DE LACY, PAUL, "Markedness conflation in Optimality Theory", Phonology, 21(2), pp.145~199 (2004)
  20. DE LACY, PAUL, "Markedness" (2006), Cambridge University Press
  21. DERWING, BRUCE, "A ‘pause-break’ task for eliciting syllable boundary judgments from literate and illiterate speakers: Preliminary results for five diverse languages", Language and Speech, 35(1-2), pp.219~235 (1992)
  22. EDDINGTON, DAVID, "Syllabification of American English: Evidence from a large-scale experiment, Part I", Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 20(1), pp.45~67 (2013)
  23. GIEGERICH, HEINZ, "English Phonology: An Introduction" (1992), Cambridge University Press
  24. GOUSKOVA, MARIA, "Relational hierarchies in Optimality Theory: The case of syllable contact", Phonology, 21(2), pp.201~250 (2004)
  25. HALLE, MORRIS, "Segmental phonology of modern English", Linguistic Inquiry, 16(1), pp.57~116 (1985)
  26. HAMMOND, MICHAEL, "Vowel quality and syllabification in English", Language, 73(1), pp.1~17 (1997)
  27. HAMMOND, MICHAEL, "The Phonology of English: A Prosodic Optimality-Theoretic Approach" (1999), Oxford University Press
  28. HAY, JENNIFER, "What Constrains Possible Suffix Combinations? On the Interaction of Grammatical and Processing Restrictions in Derivational Morphology", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 22(3), pp.565~596 (2004)
  29. HOARD, JAMES E., "Aspiration, tenseness, and syllabification in English", Language, 47(1), pp.133~140 (1971)
  30. 홍성훈, "A weighted constraint grammar analysis of word-medial syllabification in English", 언어연구, 38(1), pp.123~150 (2021), 언어정보연구소[DOI]
  31. HOOPER, JOAN, "The syllable in phonological theory", Language, 48(3), pp.525~540 (1972)
  32. HOOPER, JOAN, "An Introduction to Natural Generative Phonology" (1976), Academic Press
  33. JESPERSEN, OTTO, "Lehrbuch der Phonetik" (1904), B. G. Teubner
  34. KAGER, RENÉ, "Optimality Theory" (1999), Cambridge University Press
  35. KAHN, DANIEL, "Syllable-based Generalizations in English Phonology", PhD, pp.1976
  36. KENSTOWICZ, MICHAEL, "Quality-sensitive stress", Rivista di Linguistica, 9(1), pp.157~187 (1996)
  37. KIPARSKY, PAUL, "Metrical structure assignment is cyclic", Linguistic Inquiry, 10(3), pp.421~441 (1979)
  38. LADEFOGED, PETER, "A Course in Phonetics" (2006), Thomson Wadsworth
  39. LAEUFER, CHRISTIANE, "Morphology and syllabification domains", Lingua, 97(2-3), pp.101~121 (1995)
  40. MCCARTHY, JOHN, "Doing Optimality Theory: Applying Theory to Data" (2008), Blackwell Publishing
  41. MURRAY, ROBERT, "Sound change and syllable structure in Germanic phonology", Language, 59(3), pp.514~528 (1983)
  42. MYERS, SCOTT, "Vowel shortening in English", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 5(4), pp.485~518 (1987)
  43. PARKER, STEVE, "Quantifying the Sonority Hierarchy", PhD, pp.2002
  44. PATER, JOE, "Weighted constraints in generative linguistics", Cognitive Science, 33(6), pp.999~1035 (2009)
  45. PATER, JOE, "Harmonic Grammar with linear programming", Rutgers Optimality Archive #872, ~ (2007)
  46. PRINCE, ALAN, "Paninian Relations", pp.1997
  47. PRINCE, ALAN, "Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar" (2004), Blackwell
  48. PULGRAM, ERNST, "Syllable, Word, Nexus, Cursus" (1970), Mouton
  49. SELKIRK, ELIZABETH, "The Structure of Phonological Representations II", pp.337~383 (1982), Foris
  50. SELKIRK, ELIZABETH, "Language Sound Structure", pp.107~136 (1984), MIT Press
  51. SMITH, JENNIFER, "The Sonority Controversy", pp.167~194 (2012), De Gruyter Mouton
  52. SMOLENSKY, PAUL, "On the internal structure of constraint component Con of UG", Rutgers Optimality Archive #86, ~ (1995)
  53. SMOLENSKY, PAUL, "The Harmonic Mind: From Neural Computation To Optimality-Theoretic Grammar" (2006), MIT Press
  54. TREIMAN, REBECCA, "On the status of final consonant clusters in English syllables", Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23(3), pp.243~356 (1984)
  55. TREIMAN, REBECCA, "Syllabification of bisyllabic nonwords: Evidence from short-term memory errors", Language and Speech, 37(1), pp.45~60 (1994)
  56. VENNEMANN, THEO, "Preference Laws for Syllable Structure and the Explanation of Sound Change" (1988), Mouton de Gruyter
  57. WELLS, JOHN C., "Studies in the Pronunciation of English: A Commemorative Honor of A. C. Gimson", pp.76~86 (1990), Routledge
  58. YAVAŞ, MEHMET, "Applied English Phonology" (2011), Wiley-Blackwell
  59. ZEC, DRAGA, "The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology", pp.161~194 (2007), Cambridge University Press

관련 논문AI추천

A weighted constraint grammar analysis of word-medial syllabification in English홍성훈한국현대언어학회 · 언어연구2021 · 제38권 제1호A Noisy Harmonic Grammar analysis of gradient OCP effects in English syllables오영림, 홍성훈한국음운론학회 · 음성음운형태론연구2013 · 제19권 제3호A Constraint-based Analysis of Syllabic Consonant Formation in Southern British English박창범대한영어영문학회 · 영어영문학연구2014 · 제56권 제4호Gradient OCP Effects on Heterosyllabic Clusters in English Phonotactics박창범대한영어영문학회 · 영어영문학연구2021 · 제63권 제3호Consonant extrametricality and non-finality조혜성한국음운론학회 · 음성음운형태론연구2007 · 제13권 제3호A Dissimilatory Effect on Neighboring Syllables with Identical Onsets in the English Word Formation Processes정진완한국영어영문학회 · 영어영문학2025 · 제30권 제4호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (6건)

자연 발화에 나타나는 한국어의 중간구 실현 양상공은정, 강선미pp. 3-31이름의 성별에 따라 나타나는 음성상징성: 동물의 숲 주민 캐릭터 이름을 중심으로문성민, 고언숙, 김수한pp. 33-55The Korean innovative suffix -lʌ: Indirect affix borrowing and morphological copy epenthesis김지예pp. 57-82텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 영어 음운의 국내 연구 동향 분석박신애pp. 83-110Roles of dynamic properties of F2 and vowel identity in predicting preceding consonant place in CVX in Korean spontaneous speech홍순현pp. 141-167
원문 보기