미강의 γ-oryzanol 및 생리활성물질의 에탄올 추출공정 최적화
Optimization of Ethanol Extraction of γ-Oryzanol and Other Functional Components from Rice Bran
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본 연구에서는 미강의 지용성 생리활성 물질인 γ-oryzanol과 그 모핵인 ferulic acid를 ethanol을 용매로 효율적으로 추출하고자 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 최적 추출 조건을 설정하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 추출조건의 독립변수를 시료에 대한 용매비(X1), 추출 온도(X2), 추출 시간(X3)으로 하고 이에 따라 영향을 받는 종속변수로 추출 수율(Y1), 총페놀 함량(Y2), 전자공여능(Y3), 미강의 지용성 생리활성물질인 ferulic acid 함량()과 γ-oryzanol 함량(Y5)을 설정하였다. 추출 수율은 추출조건이 시료에 대한 용매비 22.56 ㎖/g (X1), 추출 온도 78.19℃ (X2), 추출 시간 522.15 min (X3)일 때 최대값 42.03%를 나타내었다. 총페놀 함량의 최대값은 90.78 ㎎ GAE/100 g이었으며, 이때의 추출 조건은 시료에 대한 용매비 21.26 ㎖/g, 추출온도 94.65℃, 추출시간 567.97 min이었고, 전자공여능은 시료에 대한 용매비 20.20 ㎖/g, 추출온도 81.89℃, 추출 시간 701.87 min일 때 최대값 54.72%를 나타내었다. 그리고 ferulic acid 함량의 최대값은 시료에 대한 용매비 5.22 ㎖/g, 추출 온도 79.66℃, 추출 시간 575.24 min일 때 210.47 ㎎/100g이었고 γ-oryzanol 함량은 시료에 대한 용매비 5.10 ㎖/g, 추출온도 81.83℃, 추출시간 587.39 min에서 최대값 660.39 ㎎/100g를 나타내었다. 실험결과 모든 종속변수들은 시간보다는 시료에 대한 용매비와 추출온도에 영향을 많이 받았다. 특히 미강의 지용성 생리활성물질인 ferulic acid와 γ-oryzanol은 온도가 약 80℃보다 높아지면 추출함량이 감소하는데 이는 온도가 높아짐에 따라 추출용매의 증발과 같은 손실때문인 것으로 사료된다. 이들 특성을 모두 만족시키는 최적 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비 10.45 ㎖/g, 추출온도 80℃, 추출시간 535 min으로 예측되었다. Ethanol 역시 isopropanol 과 같이 hexane의 대체용매로서 미강의 추출 용매로 적합하다고 사료된다.
Abstract
We determined the optimum ethanolic conditions for extraction of γ-oryzanol and other functional components from rice bran, using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of the independent variables of solvent ratio (X1), extraction temperature (X2), and extraction time (X3), on dependent variables including yield (Y1), total phenolic content (Y2), electron-donating activity (Y3), ferulic acid level (Y4), and γ-oryzanol concentration (Y5). Solvent ratio and extraction temperature were the most important factors in extraction. The maximum yield was at 22.56 ㎖/g (X1), 78.19C (X2), and 522.15 min (X3), at the saddle point. Total phenolic levels were little affected by solvent ratio or extraction temperature. The maximum concentration of extracted total phenolics was 90.78㎎ GAE/100 g at 21.26 ㎖/g, 94.65 ℃, and 567.97 min. A maximum electron-donating ability of 54.72% was obtained with the parameters 20.20 ㎖/g, 81.89 ℃, and 701.87 min, at the highest point. The maximum level of ferulic acid components was 210.47㎎g/100g at 5.22 ㎖/g, 79.66 ℃, and 575.24 min. In addition, the maximum γ-oryzanol concentration was 660.39 ㎎/100g at 5.10 ㎖/g, 81.83 ℃, and 587.39 min. The optimum extraction conditions were a solvent ratio of 10.45 ㎖/g, 80 ℃ extraction temperature, and 535 min extraction time. Predicted extraction levels under optimized conditions were in line with experimental values.
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