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성숙과 건조 대추의 이화학적 특성

hysicochemical Properties of Ripe and Dry Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Miller) Fruits

신승렬|홍주연|남학식
한국식품저장유통학회 (The Korean Society of Food Preservation)|2012.02|Food Science and Preservation|제19권 제1호|pp. 87-94

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키워드

fruitmaturationpolyphenoljujuberipeningsucrose
주제분류식품과학

초록

본 연구는 대추의 성숙과 건조에 따른 이화학적 특성을 비교 분석하고자 미숙 및 완숙 대추와 건조 대추의 이화학적 특성을 조사하여 비교 분석하였다. 대추 열매의 수분함량은 미숙 대추 84.66%, 완숙 대추 66.45%이었고 건조대추의 수분함량은 31.48%이었다. 조지방의 함량은 미숙 대추와 완숙 대추에서는 차이가 없었으나, 건조 대추에서 0.34%로 성숙의 대추에 비해 두 배 정도의 높은 함량이었다. 조회분 함량은 미숙 및 완숙 대추에서 각각 0.52, 0.74% 이었으며, 건조 대추는 1.62%이었다. 탄수화물의 함량은 미숙 대추 13.51%, 완숙 대추 27.94%, 건조 대추 61.70%이었다. 대추의 수용성 단백질 함량은 미숙 대추가 0.88%, 완숙 대추가 1.73% 및 건조 대추가 3.71%이었고, 환원당 함량은 미숙, 완숙 및 건조 대추에서 각각 4.99, 5.54, 18.82%이었다. 완숙 대추와 건조 대추의 sucrose의 함량은 각각 10.15, 16.66 g/100 g이었으며, 건조대추는 완숙 대추에 비해 약 2배인 33.46 g/100 g의 총 유리당 함량을 나타내었다. 지방산 조성은 미숙 대추에는 palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic 및 linolenic acid가 많은 조성비를 나타내었고, 성숙 대추에서는 미숙 대추와는 달리 myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, pamitoleic acid, linoleic acid의 조성비를 나타내었다. 또한 건조 대추에서는 myristoleic acid, arachidonic acid는 높았고, palmitoleic acid는 낮았다. 대추의 무기질 함량은 Ca, K, Mg 및 P이 높았고, 총 무기질의 함량은 미숙 대추가 343.38 mg/100 g, 완숙 대추가 584.94 mg/100 g, 건조 대추가 1,331.56 mg/100 g이었다. 대추의 비타민 C 함량은 각각 309.12, 248.80, 23.34 mg/100 g 이었다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 미숙, 완숙 및 건조 대추에서 각각 610.04, 310.22, 423.27 mg/100 g이었다. 따라서 상기의 결과를 종합해 보면 대추는 식품소재로서 이용가치가 충분히 있으면, 이용형태에 따라 대추의 성숙 및 건조 대추를 구분하여 사용하는 것이 효률적인 것으로 생각된다.

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of maturating and dried jujube. The moisture contents of the unripe and ripe jujube were found to be 84.66 and 66.45%, respectively, but that of the dried jujube was 31.48%. The crude-fat and crude-ash contents of the dried jujube were much higher than those of the maturing jujube. The carbohydrate contents of the unripe, ripe, and dried jujube were found to be 13.51, 27.94, and 61.70%, respectively, and the soluble-protein contents were 0.88, 1.73, and 3.71%. The reducing-sugar content of the dried jujube was 18.82%, higher than that of the ripe jujube. The sucrose contents of the unripe and ripe jujube were 10.15 and 16.66 g/100 g, respectively, and that of the dried jujube was 33.46 g/100 g. The major fatty acids that were found to compose jujube were palmitic, oleic, pamitoleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid. The myristoleic and arachidonic acid contents were higher in the dried jujube than in the ripe jujube, but the palmitoleic acid content was lower in the dried jujube than in the ripe jujube. The major minerals of jujube were found to be Ca, K, Mg, and P, and the total mineral contents of the unripe, ripe, and dried jujube in this study were 343.38, 584.94, and 331.56 mg/100 g, respectively. The polyphenol contents of the unripe, ripe, and dried jujube were 309.12, 248.80, and 23.34 mg/100 g, respectively, while the vitamin C contents were 610.04, 310.22, and 423.27 mg/100 g.

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