바이오제닉 아민 생성 및 분해균의 혼합 배양으로 제조한 청국장의 품질 특성
Quality characteristics of Cheonggukjang by mixed culture of biogenic amine producing- and degrading-bacteria
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본 연구의 목적은 메주와 된장으로부터 분리된 바실러스균과 유산균의 균주별 바이오제닉아민(biogenic amines, BA) 생성능과 분해능을 측정하고 바실러스균과 BA 분해능이 있는 유산균과의 혼합 배양으로 제조한 청국장의 미생물학적 및 물리화학적 특성을 조사하는 것이다. 카다베린(421.7±11.0 mg/L)과 히스타민(628.7±24.1 mg/L)의 축적은 리신과 히스티딘 탈탄산효소 활성을 나타낸 Bacillus subtilis MJ226에 의해 확인되었다. Lactobacillus acidophilus D11, L. acidophilus D38, Lactobacillus sakei D44, Lactobacillus plantarum D70 및 Lactobacillus pentosus D74는 카다베린, 히스타민, 푸트레신, 트립타민 및 티라민의 생성능이 없으며, BA 분해능이 높게 나타났다. Lactobacillus sakei D44, Lactobacillus plantarum D70 혹은 Lactobacillus pentosus D74와 B. subtilis MJ226과의 혼합 배양에 의해 제조한 청국장 내에는 유리 아미노산 및 아미노태 질소 함량은 유의하게 증가된 반면 암모니아태 질소 및 BA 함량은 감소되었다. 결론적으로 B. subtilis 스타터 균주로 제조한 청국장 내 BA 생성은 BA 분해능을 가진 유산균의 특정 균주에 의해 효과적으로 저해되었음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate biogenic amine (BA) formation and degradation abilities of Bacillus strain and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from meju and doenjang and to determine the microbiological and physicochemical qualities of Cheonggukjang prepared by mixed culture of these strains. Accumulation of cadaverine (421.7 ± 11.0 mg/L) and histamine (628.7 ± 24.1 mg/L) was assessed in the culture media of Bacillus subtilis MJ226 that displayed lysine and histidine decarboxylase activities. No ability to form cadaverine, histamine, putrescine, tryptamine, and tyramine by Lactobacillus acidophilus D11, L. acidophilus D38, Lactobacillus sakei D44, Lactobacillus plantarum D70, which exhibited high BA degradation ability. The amino nitrogen and free amino acid contents were significantly (p<0.05) increased in Cheonggukjang prepared by the mixed culture of LAB (L. sakei D44, L. plantarum D70, or L. pentosus D74) and B. subtilis MJ226, whereas the ammonia nitrogen and BA (cadaverine and histamine) contents were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Consequently, it was confirmed that BA formation in Cheonggukjang prepared by starter culture of B. subtilis was effectively inhibited by the certain strains of LAB having BA-degrading ability.
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