Gluconobacter oxydans 생물전환을 통한 쌀 가수분해물 유래 dextran 합성
The synthesis of dextran from rice hydrolysates using Gluconobacter oxydans KACC 19357 bioconversion
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초록
식물에서 유래하는 전분과 달리 dextran은 미생물 기원으로 바이오폴리머로 glucose 단위체가 α-1,6 결합 형태로 연결된 다당류이며, 주로 젖산균에 의해 설탕으로부터 생산되는 것으로 알려져 있으나 dextran-dextrinase 활성을 갖는 초산균(G. oxydans)을 통해서도 얻을 수 있다. 쌀로부터 dextrin 기반의 dextran을 얻기 위해 쌀 가수분해물을 이용하여 초산균 발효를 통해 dextran을 생산하고 생성물의 특성을 연구하였다. 발효조를 이용한 dextrin 및 쌀 가수분해물 첨가 배지 배양 시, 초산균 배양 20시간 후 모두 OD600값 5 수준을 유지하였으며, 배양 72시간 후 상등액의 분자량구성을 GPC 분석한 결과 배지 내 기질의 구성과 달리 DP 480 및 400 수준의 고분자 물질이 생성된 것을 확인하였다. 다당류의 glucose 결합패턴을 1H-NMR로 확인한 결과 α-1,4:1,6 결합비율이 각각 1:2.37 및 1:4.4로 증가하여 쌀 가수분해물을 이루는 주요 결합인 α-1,4 결합이 α-1,6 결합 물질로 전환된 것으로 확인되었고, rat 유래 alpha-glucosidase 소화효소 처리결과 glucose가 천천히 방출되는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 쌀 가수분해물은 당전이 활성이 있는 초산균 발효를 통해서 미생물 유래의 dextran으로 전환시켜 수용성 식이섬유 소재와 같이 소화를 지연시키는 고부가 생물소재로 제조할 수 있음을 시사하였다.
Abstract
Dextran is a glucose homo-polysaccharide with a predominantly α-1,6 glycosidic linkage of microbial source and is known to be produced primarily by lactic acid bacteria. However, it can also be obtained through the dextran dextrinase of acetic acid bacteria (Gluconobacter oxydans). The dextrin-based dextran was obtained from rice starch using G. oxydans fermentation of rice hydrolysate, and its properties were studied. Both dextrin- and rice hydrolysate- added media maintained the OD value of 6 after 20 h of incubation with acetic acid bacteria, and the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis of the supernatant after 72 h of incubation confirmed that a polymeric material with DP of 480 and 405, which was different from the composition of the substrate in the medium, was produced. The glucose linkage pattern of the polysaccharide was confirmed using the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and the increased α-1,4:α-1,6 bond ratio from 0.23 and 0.13 to 1:2.37 and 1:4.4, respectively, indicating that the main bonds were converted to α-1,6 bonds. The treatment of dextrin with a rat-derived alpha-glucosidase digestive enzyme resulted in a slow release of glucose, suggesting that rice hydrolysate can be converted to dextran using acetic acid bacteria with glycosyltransferase activity to produce high-value bio-materials with slowly digestible properties.
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