Faculty-supervised measurements of the face and of mandibular movements on young adults
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subject’s face. An ala-tragus line and an occlusal line were drawn on the left side of the face to determine if these two lines were parallel. Measurements of mandibular movements involved maximum normal and hinge opening at the incisors and maximum amounts of right, left lateral and protrusive excursions of the mandible. RESULTS. The ala width and distance between the tips of upper right and left canine cusps averaged (35.2 mm and 34.8 mm) but with very large individual variations. The distance between ala to occlusal plane lines was 29.9 mm at the tragus and 31.3 mm near the ala. The angle between orbitale and ala-tragus averaged 13.6 degrees. CONCLUSION. The upper lip length was the most variable and the distance between the pupils was the most stable of the eleven facial measurements. The ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane lines were for all practical purposes parallel. Maximum jaw opening averaged 51.2 mm which was 3.0 times larger than maximal hinge opening of 17.2 mm. The maximum right plus left side jaw excursions (9.2 and 9.4 mm) totaled 18.6 mm, 2.3 times more than the 8.0 mm mean maximum forward protrusion.
Abstract
PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subject’s face. An ala-tragus line and an occlusal line were drawn on the left side of the face to determine if these two lines were parallel. Measurements of mandibular movements involved maximum normal and hinge opening at the incisors and maximum amounts of right, left lateral and protrusive excursions of the mandible. RESULTS. The ala width and distance between the tips of upper right and left canine cusps averaged (35.2 mm and 34.8 mm) but with very large individual variations. The distance between ala to occlusal plane lines was 29.9 mm at the tragus and 31.3 mm near the ala. The angle between orbitale and ala-tragus averaged 13.6 degrees. CONCLUSION. The upper lip length was the most variable and the distance between the pupils was the most stable of the eleven facial measurements. The ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane lines were for all practical purposes parallel. Maximum jaw opening averaged 51.2 mm which was 3.0 times larger than maximal hinge opening of 17.2 mm. The maximum right plus left side jaw excursions (9.2 and 9.4 mm) totaled 18.6 mm, 2.3 times more than the 8.0 mm mean maximum forward protrusion.
참고문헌 (31)
- Peck H., "A concept of facial esthetics", Angle Orthod, 40, pp.284~318 (1970)
- House MM., "Form and color harmony in the dental art" (1939), Calif. MM, House
- Wehner PJ., "Selection of artificial teeth", J Prosthet Dent, 18, pp.222~232 (1967)
- Lenner PR., "An Introduction to dental anatomy and esthetics", pp.246~271 (1985), Quintessence Publishing Co
- Broadbent TR., "Artistic relationships in surface anatomy of the face : application to reconstructive surgery", Plast Reconstr Surg(1946), 20, pp.1~17 (1957)
- Lee L., "A study of facial proportions and sketching of facial contours", Ear Nose Throat J, 58, pp.150~158 (1979)
- Farkas LG., "Anthropometric proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face in young white adults", Am J Orthod, 86, pp.52~60 (1984)
- Farkas LG., "Anthropometry of the head and face" (1994), Raven Press
- Farkas LG., "Anthropometrics and art in the aesthetics of women’s faces", Clin Plast Surg, 14, pp.599~616 (1987)
- Ferrario VF., "Facial three-dimensional morphometry", Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 109, pp.86~93 (1996)
- Sforza C., "Age- and sex-related changes in three-dimensional lip morphology", Forensic Sci Int, 200, pp.182.e1~182.e7 (2010)
- Nagle RJ., "Denture prosthetics, complete dentures", pp.134~ (1962), CV Mosby Co
- Lejoyeux J., "Prothese complete", pp.15~ (1967), Librairie Maloine S.A.
- Ismail YH., "Position of the occlusal plane in natural and artificial teeth", J Prosthet Dent, 20, pp.407~411 (1968)
- Hickey JC., "Boucher’s prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients", pp.292~ (1985), CV Mosby Co
- Gedrange T., "X-ray microanalysis of elements in the masticatory muscle after paresis of the right masseter", J Dent Res, 84, pp.1026~1030 (2005)
- Hützen D., "Occlusal contact patterns-population-based data", Ann Anat, 189, pp.407~411 (2007)
- Posselt U., "Movement areas of the mandible", J Prosthet Dent, 7, pp.375~385 (1957)
- Visser A., "The temporal", masseter cocontraction : an electromyographic and clinical evaluation of short-term stabilization splint therapy in myogenous CMD patients, 1995, pp.22, 387~389
- Posselt U., "Physiology of occlusion and rehabilitation", pp.181~ (1962), Blackwell
- Ingervall B., "Range of movement of mandible in children", Scand J Dent Res, 78, pp.311~322 (1970)
- Sheppard IM., "Maximal incisal opening-a diagnostic index?", J Dent Med, 20, pp.13~15 (1965)
- Theusner J., "Axiographic tracings of temporomandibular joint movements", J Prosthet Dent, 69, pp.209~215 (1993)
- Posselt U., "Registration of the condyle path inclination by intraoral wax records ? its practical value", J Prosthet Dent, 11, pp.43~47 (1961)
- Yatabe M., "The kinematic center : a reference for condylar movements", J Dent Res, 74, pp.1644~1648 (1995)
- Farkas LG., "Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face in young adult North American Caucasians : revision of neoclassical canons", Plast Reconstr Surg, 75, pp.328~338 (1985)
- da Vinci L., "Origines of the study of human growth", pp.167~ (1980), University of Oregon Health Science Center Foundation
- Francesca P., "Drawing the human forms: Methods, Sources, Concepts", pp.116~ (1977), Van Nostrand Reinhold
- Scheid RC, "Woelfel’s dental anatomy", pp.263~288 (2007), Wolters Kluwer Health
- Solberg WK., "Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in young adults", J Am Dent Assoc, 98, pp.25~34 (1979)
- Reicheneder C., "Comparison of maximum mouth-opening capacity and condylar path length in adults and children during the growth period", Ann Anat, 190, pp.344~350 (2008)