Adolescent with Tourette Syndrome and Bipolar Disorder: A Case Report
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Tourette syndrome consists of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics. Psychopathology occurs in approximately 90%of Tourette syndrome patients, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, mood, and obsessive-compulsive disorders being common. Additionally, Tourette syndrome and bipolar disorder may be related in some individuals. However, it is unclear why bipolardisorder may be overrepresented in Tourette syndrome patients, and more research is needed. Herein, we report the caseof a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with both Tourette syndrome and bipolar disorder, whose symptoms improved with aripiprazole,atomoxetine, and valproate. The patient was diagnosed with Tourette syndrome at 8 years of age when he developed tics andexperienced his first depressive episode. The patient had a poor response to a variety of antidepressants and anti-ticmedications. A combination of valproate and aripiprazole stabilized both the patient’s tics and mood symptoms. It is importantto assess individuals with Tourette syndrome for other disorders, including bipolar disorder. The treatment of children and adolescentswith both Tourette syndrome and bipolar disorder is an important clinical issue.
Abstract
Tourette syndrome consists of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics. Psychopathology occurs in approximately 90%of Tourette syndrome patients, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, mood, and obsessive-compulsive disorders being common. Additionally, Tourette syndrome and bipolar disorder may be related in some individuals. However, it is unclear why bipolardisorder may be overrepresented in Tourette syndrome patients, and more research is needed. Herein, we report the caseof a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with both Tourette syndrome and bipolar disorder, whose symptoms improved with aripiprazole,atomoxetine, and valproate. The patient was diagnosed with Tourette syndrome at 8 years of age when he developed tics andexperienced his first depressive episode. The patient had a poor response to a variety of antidepressants and anti-ticmedications. A combination of valproate and aripiprazole stabilized both the patient’s tics and mood symptoms. It is importantto assess individuals with Tourette syndrome for other disorders, including bipolar disorder. The treatment of children and adolescentswith both Tourette syndrome and bipolar disorder is an important clinical issue.
참고문헌 (32)
- Sadock BJ, "Synopsis of Psychiatry" (2003), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Lewinsohn PM, "Bipolar disorders in a community sample of older adolescents: prevalence, phenomenology, comorbidity, and course", J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34, pp.454~463 (1995)
- Van Meter AR, "Meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of pediatric bipolar disorder", J Clin Psychiatry, 72, pp.1250~1256 (2011)
- Robertson MM., "Mood disorders and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: An update on prevalence, etiology, comorbidity, clinical associations, and implications", J Psychosom Res, 61, pp.349~358 (2006)
- Comings BG, "A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. V. Depression and mania", Am J Hum Genet, 41, pp.804~821 (1987)
- Kerbeshian J, "Differential responsiveness to lithium in patients with Tourette disorder", Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 12, pp.247~250 (1988)
- Kerbeshian J, "Case study: comorbidity among Tourette's syndrome, autistic disorder, and bipolar disorder", J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 35, pp.681~685 (1996)
- Kerbeshian J, "Comorbid Tourette's disorder and bipolar disorder: an etiologic perspective", Am J Psychiatry, 152, pp.1646~1651 (1995)
- Leckman JF, "The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; initial testing of a clinician rated scale of tic severity", J Am Acad Child Psychiatry, 28, pp.566~573 (1989)
- Young RC, "A rating scale for mania: Reliability, validity, and sensitivity", Br J Psychiatry, 133, pp.429~435 (1978)
- Kerbeshian J, "Peek-a-boo fragile site at 16d associated with Tourette syndrome, bipolar disorder, autistic disorder, and mental retardation", Am J Med Genet, 96, pp.69~73 (2000)
- Mehan MR, "A genome-wide survey of segmental duplications that mediate common human genetic variation of chromosomal architecture", Hum Genomics, 1, pp.335~344 (2004)
- Burd L, "Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and bipolar disorder", Arch Neurol, 41, pp.1236~ (1984)
- Kerbeshian J, "Tourette disorder and bipolar symptomatology in childhood and adolescence", Can J Psychiatry, 34, pp.230~233 (1989)
- Kerbeshian J, "Comorbid Down's syndrome, Tourette syndrome and intellectual disability: registry prevalence and developmental course", J Intellect Disabil Res, 44, pp.60~67 (2000)
- Spencer T, "The relationship between tic disorders and Tourette's syndrome revisited", J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34, pp.1133~1139 (1995)
- Berthier ML, "Bipolar disorder in adult patients with Tourette's syndrome: a clinical study", Biol Psychiatry, 43, pp.364~370 (1998)
- Coffey BJ, "Distinguishing illness severity from tic severity in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder", J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39, pp.556~561 (2000)
- Horrigan JP, "Guanfacine and secondary mania in children", J Affect Disord, 54, pp.309~314 (1999)
- Robertson MM., "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tics and Tourette's syndrome: the relationship and treatment implications. A commentary", Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 15, pp.1~11 (2006)
- Carlson GA, "The concept of bipolar disorder in children: a history of the bipolar controversy", Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 18, pp.257~271 (2009)
- Perlis RH, "STEP-BD Investigators. Long-term implications of early onset in bipolar disorder:data from the first 1000 participants in the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD)", Biol Psychiatry, 55, pp.875~881 (2004)
- Geller B, "Adult psychosocial outcome of prepubertal major depressive disorder", J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 40, pp.673~677 (2001)
- Akiskal HS, "Atypical depression: a variant of bipolar II or a bridge between unipolar and bipolar II?", J Affect Disord, 84, pp.209~217 (2005)
- Leibenluft E, "Defining clinical phenotypes of juvenile mania", Am J Psychiatry, 160, pp.430~437 (2003)
- Chang K, "Prevention of pediatric bipolar disorder: integration of neurobiological and psychosocial processes", Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1094, pp.235~247 (2006)
- Verdellen CW, "Tic suppression in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome with exposure therapy: the rebound phenomenon reconsidered", Mov Disord, 22, pp.1601~1606 (2007)
- Cianchetti C, "Pergolide improvement in neuroleptic-resistant Tourette cases: various mechanisms causing tics", Neurol Sci, 26, pp.137~139 (2005)
- Messiha FS, "Haloperidol therapy in Tourette's syndrome: neurophysiological, biochemical and behavioral correlates", Life Sci I, 10, pp.449~457 (1971)
- Davies L, "A case series of patients with Tourette's syndrome in the United Kingdom treated with aripiprazole", Hum Psychopharmacol, 21, pp.447~453 (2006)
- Biederman J, "An open-label trial of aripiprazole monotherapy in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder", CNS Spectr, 12, pp.683~689 (2007)
- Weisman H, "Systematic review: pharmacological treatment of tic disorders--efficacy of antipsychotic and alpha-2 adrenergic agonist agents", Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 37, pp.1162~1171 (2013)