Multiplex Analysis of Cytokines in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease by Color-Coded Bead Technology
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background and purpose: The availability and promise of effective treatments for neurodegenerative disorders are increasing the importance of early diagnosis. Having molecular and biochemical markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) would complement clinical approaches, and further the goals of early and accurate diagnosis. Combining multiple biomarkers in evaluations significantly increases the sensitivity and specificity of the biochemical tests. Methods: In this study, we used color-coded bead-based Luminex technology to test the potential of using chemokines and cytokines as biochemical markers of AD. We measured the levels of 22 chemokines and cytokines in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 32 de novo patients (13 controls, 11 AD, and 8 Parkinson’s disease [PD]). Results: MCP-1 was the only cytokine detectable in CSF, and its levels did not differ between control and disease groups. However, the serum concentration of eotaxin was significantly higher in AD patients than in the control group. Conclusions: The analysis of multiple inflammatory mediators revealed marginal differences in their CSF and serum concentrations for the differential diagnosis of AD and PD. These results provide evidence that immunological responses are not major contributors to the pathogenesis of AD and PD.
Abstract
Background and purpose: The availability and promise of effective treatments for neurodegenerative disorders are increasing the importance of early diagnosis. Having molecular and biochemical markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) would complement clinical approaches, and further the goals of early and accurate diagnosis. Combining multiple biomarkers in evaluations significantly increases the sensitivity and specificity of the biochemical tests. Methods: In this study, we used color-coded bead-based Luminex technology to test the potential of using chemokines and cytokines as biochemical markers of AD. We measured the levels of 22 chemokines and cytokines in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 32 de novo patients (13 controls, 11 AD, and 8 Parkinson’s disease [PD]). Results: MCP-1 was the only cytokine detectable in CSF, and its levels did not differ between control and disease groups. However, the serum concentration of eotaxin was significantly higher in AD patients than in the control group. Conclusions: The analysis of multiple inflammatory mediators revealed marginal differences in their CSF and serum concentrations for the differential diagnosis of AD and PD. These results provide evidence that immunological responses are not major contributors to the pathogenesis of AD and PD.
참고문헌 (18)
- Vellas B, "European Task Force group. Disease-modifying trials in Alzheimer’s disease: a European task force consensus", Lancet Neurol, 6, pp.56~62 (2007)
- Mayeux R, "Evaluation and use of diagnostic tests in Alzheimer’s disease", Neurobiol Aging, 19, pp.139~143 (1998)
- "Consensus report of the Working Group on: “Molecular and Biochemical Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease”. The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute of the Alzheimer’s Association and the National Institute on Aging Working Group", Neurobiol Aging, 19, pp.109~116 (1998)
- Kahle PJ, "Combined assessment of tau and neuronal thread protein in Alzheimer’s disease CSF", Neurology, 54, pp.1498~1504 (2000)
- Olsson A, "Simultaneous measurement of beta-amyloid(1-42), total tau, and phosphorylated tau(Thr181) in cerebrospinal fluid by the xMAP technology", Clin Chem, 51, pp.336~345 (2005)
- Ryu W, "Application of proteomics and protein chip analysis in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders", J Korean Neurol Assoc, 21, pp.584~599 (2003)
- 이순태, "Decreased Vasomotor Reactivity in Alzheimer’s Disease", Journal of Clinical Neurology, 3(1), pp.18~23 (2007), 대한신경과학회
- Gibb WR, "The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease", J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 51, pp.745~752 (1988)
- McKhann G, "Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease", Neurology, 34, pp.939~944 (1984)
- Fagan AM, "Cerebrospinal fluid tau", beta-amyloid (42) ratio as a prediction of cognitive decline in nondemented older adults, 2007, pp.64, 343~349
- Davidsson P, "The use of proteomics in biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases", Dis Markers, 21, pp.81~92 (2005)
- Galimberti D, "Dutch-Italian Alzheimer Research Group. Chemokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s disease patients", Ann Neurol, 53, pp.547~548 (2003)
- Economou E, "Pitsavos C, et al. Chemokines in patients with ischaemic heart disease and the effect of coronary angioplasty", Int J Cardiol, 80, pp.55~60 (2001)
- Vasudevan AR, "Smith EO, Sweeney JF, et al. Eotaxin and obesity", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, pp.256~261 (2006)
- Jensen J, "Cytokines and adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta1b", Cytokine, 29, pp.24~30 (2005)
- Weijer S, "Endogenous interleukin-12 improves the early antimicrobial host response to murine Escherichia coli peritonitis", Shock, 23, pp.54~58 (2005)
- Mollenhauer B, "Beta-amlyoid 1-42 and tau-protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia", Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 22, pp.200~208 (2006)
- Holmberg B, "Cerebrospinal fluid Abeta42 is reduced in multiple system atrophy but normal in Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy", Mov Disord, 18, pp.183~190 (2003)