Spectrum of Neurological Complications Following COVID-19 Vaccination in India
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Background and Purpose According to WHO statistics, approximately 6.9 billion people worldwide had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 as at October 27, 2021, including around 1.0 billion people in India. Most Indian recipients received the Covishield (ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19) vaccine, followed by the Covaxin (an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen) vaccine. This study was conducted to characterize the neurological phenotypic spectrum of patients with adverse events following immunization with any of the available COVID-19 vaccines in India (Covishield or Covaxin) during the study period and their temporal relationship with vaccination. Methods This ambispective multicenter hospital-based cohort study covered the period from March to October 2021. The study included all cases suspected of having neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination. Results We report a spectrum of serious postvaccination neurological complications comprising primary central nervous system demyelination (4 cases), cerebral venous thrombosis (3 cases), Guillain-Barre syndrome (2 cases), vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia syndrome (2 cases), cranial nerve palsies (2 cases), primary cerebral hemorrhage (1 case), vestibular neuronitis (1 case), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (1 case), generalized myasthenia (1 case), and seizures (1 case). Conclusions Although the benefits of vaccination far outweigh its risks, clinicians must be aware of possible serious adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccinations.
Abstract
Background and Purpose According to WHO statistics, approximately 6.9 billion people worldwide had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 as at October 27, 2021, including around 1.0 billion people in India. Most Indian recipients received the Covishield (ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19) vaccine, followed by the Covaxin (an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen) vaccine. This study was conducted to characterize the neurological phenotypic spectrum of patients with adverse events following immunization with any of the available COVID-19 vaccines in India (Covishield or Covaxin) during the study period and their temporal relationship with vaccination. Methods This ambispective multicenter hospital-based cohort study covered the period from March to October 2021. The study included all cases suspected of having neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination. Results We report a spectrum of serious postvaccination neurological complications comprising primary central nervous system demyelination (4 cases), cerebral venous thrombosis (3 cases), Guillain-Barre syndrome (2 cases), vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia syndrome (2 cases), cranial nerve palsies (2 cases), primary cerebral hemorrhage (1 case), vestibular neuronitis (1 case), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (1 case), generalized myasthenia (1 case), and seizures (1 case). Conclusions Although the benefits of vaccination far outweigh its risks, clinicians must be aware of possible serious adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccinations.
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