대기 산성 강하물: 토양과 삼림 생태계의 반응
Atmospheric Acidic Deposition: Response to Soils and Forest Ecosystems
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초록
한국에서 산성 강하물에 의하여 대부분의 토양은 교환성 양이온, 특히 K+, Mg2+ 및 Ca2+가 세탈되어 유럽과 북미의 삼림 쇠퇴 지역의 토양과 버금가는 수준이고, 염기성 양이온/알루미늄 이온(BC/Al3+)의 몰 비가 낮아서 식물의 정상 생장의 임계 부하수준으로 낮아졌다. 광릉 삼림의 수관은 산성 강하물 중에서 NO3-와 NH4 +을 흡수하여 수용원(sink)으로, K+을 세탈하여 공급 원(source)으로 작용하지만 산성 강하 물량이 많은 관악산의 삼림은 그러한 기능이 저하되었다. 침엽수림과 활엽수림 분수계생태계는 총수관 통과수의 K+, NH4 +, Cl-, NO3- 및 SO4 2-를 임상토양에 보유하고, Na+, Mg2+ 및 Ca2+을 임상토양에서 계류수로 세탈하고 있어 산성 강하물에 대한 삼림의 반작용이 큼을 보이고 있다.
Abstract
Soils of Korea experienced with long-term acidic deposition have been exhaustively leachedexchangeable base cation (BC) for plant nutrient comparable with soils of forest decline areas in Europe and N. America. Ratios of BC/Al3+of most soils are below than 1, which value is critical load for plant growth. Acid soil applied with dolomitic liming is increased as much as 20% and 244% in concentrations of Ca2+and Mg2+, respectively, as well as shrub leaves increase much cation uptake by 1 year later. Ions of NO3-and NH 4+in acid rain are absorbed by the canopy acted as the sink but K+is leached out from the canopy to throughfall are not found at Kwanaksan forest because of so much deposition. In coniferous and deciduous forested watershed ecosystems ions of K+, Cl-, NO3-and SO 42-from throughfall are retained in forest floor but ions of Na+, Mg2+and Ca2+are leached from the floor to streamwater.
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