광합성 미생물의 활성, 성장, 침전에 미치는 Montmorillonite- Cation-Microorganism 복합체의 영향
Effects of Montmorillonite-Cation-Microorganism Complexes on Photosynthetic Activity, Growth, and Precipitation of Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa
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Clay flocculation combined with biocontrol agents can effectively and stably control harmful algal blooms (HAB) by aggregating and suppressing them. In this study, we developed various montmorillonite-cationmicrobe (MCM) complexes and evaluated their effects on the activity, growth, and precipitation of photosynthetic microorganisms (Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa). Tumebacillus sp. FS08 and Bacillus cereus were selected as biocontrol agents against HAB after testing the anti-HAB efficacy of various bacteria on photosynthetic microorganisms. Calcium ion (Ca2+) and manganese ion (Mn2+) were used as bridging cations for montmorillonite (MMT) and biocontrol microbes. Four MCM complexes were developed: MMT-Ca-Bacillus (MCM-CB), MMT-Mn-Bacillus (MCM-MB), MMT-Ca-Tumebacillus (MCM-CT), and MMT-Mn-Tumebacillus (MCM-MT). The recoverable population remained stable over six weeks in MCMCB, MCM-CT, and MCM-MT, but not in MCM-MB. All MCMs inhibited both the photosynthetic activity and growth of Chlorella during vigorous agitation (p < 0.05). They inhibited the growth of Microcystis under agitation (p < 0.05), but did not inhibit its photosynthetic activity except for MCM-CB. Additionally, all MCMs effectively precipitated the Chlorella and Microcystis cells and inhibited their photosynthetic activity within the resulting precipitates (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that MCMs can simultaneously precipitate HAB cells and inhibit their growth and activity. Thus, this MCM technology can be a promising option for HAB controls.
Abstract
Clay flocculation combined with biocontrol agents can effectively and stably control harmful algal blooms (HAB) by aggregating and suppressing them. In this study, we developed various montmorillonite-cationmicrobe (MCM) complexes and evaluated their effects on the activity, growth, and precipitation of photosynthetic microorganisms (Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa). Tumebacillus sp. FS08 and Bacillus cereus were selected as biocontrol agents against HAB after testing the anti-HAB efficacy of various bacteria on photosynthetic microorganisms. Calcium ion (Ca2+) and manganese ion (Mn2+) were used as bridging cations for montmorillonite (MMT) and biocontrol microbes. Four MCM complexes were developed: MMT-Ca-Bacillus (MCM-CB), MMT-Mn-Bacillus (MCM-MB), MMT-Ca-Tumebacillus (MCM-CT), and MMT-Mn-Tumebacillus (MCM-MT). The recoverable population remained stable over six weeks in MCMCB, MCM-CT, and MCM-MT, but not in MCM-MB. All MCMs inhibited both the photosynthetic activity and growth of Chlorella during vigorous agitation (p < 0.05). They inhibited the growth of Microcystis under agitation (p < 0.05), but did not inhibit its photosynthetic activity except for MCM-CB. Additionally, all MCMs effectively precipitated the Chlorella and Microcystis cells and inhibited their photosynthetic activity within the resulting precipitates (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that MCMs can simultaneously precipitate HAB cells and inhibit their growth and activity. Thus, this MCM technology can be a promising option for HAB controls.
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