Cadmium Resistance and Bioremediation Potential of Bacteria Isolated from Hospital Wastewater Samples of Bangladesh
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Cadmium (Cd) pollution is considered as a pressing concern from both human and environment health perspective owing to its high toxicity and persistence nature. This study aimed to explore the Cd pollution scenario in Hospital wastewater (HWW) of Bangladesh and to screen out potential Cd-resistant bacteria for their possible application in cadmium bioremediation. Cd concentration of the Hospital wastewater samples (HWW, n = 7) was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The Cd content of the samples were in the range of 0.6624-5.0482 mg/l exceeding the acceptable standard limit in the environment. Preliminary, 93 Cd-resistant bacteria were isolated of which 88.1 % (n = 82) were gram negative whereas 11.82% (n = 11) were gram positive. 86% (n = 80) of the Cd-resistant isolates was observed with co-resistance against three other metals- zinc, cobalt, and nickel. Polymerase chain reaction detected the presence of cadmium resistant genetic determinant (czc gene) in 34.4% (n = 32) of the isolates. Cd-resistant isolates were distributed into 13 major genotypic groups according to Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Genotypically diverse groups of bacterial genera belonged to Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Providencia were identified in the phylogenetic analysis using partial 16S rRNA gene sequence. 13.9% (n = 13) of the Cd-resistant isolates were noted to have high tolerance level for cadmium and the potential for Cd removal in range of (10-90%). Higher percentage of Cd removal was determined for Pseudomonas sp. (90%) and Proteus sp. (82%) in the laboratory testing. The Cd removal capacity of these native isolates could be exploited for its prospective application in the bioremediation of Cd from contaminated environmental sites in Bangladesh.
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is considered as a pressing concern from both human and environment health perspective owing to its high toxicity and persistence nature. This study aimed to explore the Cd pollution scenario in Hospital wastewater (HWW) of Bangladesh and to screen out potential Cd-resistant bacteria for their possible application in cadmium bioremediation. Cd concentration of the Hospital wastewater samples (HWW, n = 7) was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The Cd content of the samples were in the range of 0.6624-5.0482 mg/l exceeding the acceptable standard limit in the environment. Preliminary, 93 Cd-resistant bacteria were isolated of which 88.1 % (n = 82) were gram negative whereas 11.82% (n = 11) were gram positive. 86% (n = 80) of the Cd-resistant isolates was observed with co-resistance against three other metals- zinc, cobalt, and nickel. Polymerase chain reaction detected the presence of cadmium resistant genetic determinant (czc gene) in 34.4% (n = 32) of the isolates. Cd-resistant isolates were distributed into 13 major genotypic groups according to Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Genotypically diverse groups of bacterial genera belonged to Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Providencia were identified in the phylogenetic analysis using partial 16S rRNA gene sequence. 13.9% (n = 13) of the Cd-resistant isolates were noted to have high tolerance level for cadmium and the potential for Cd removal in range of (10-90%). Higher percentage of Cd removal was determined for Pseudomonas sp. (90%) and Proteus sp. (82%) in the laboratory testing. The Cd removal capacity of these native isolates could be exploited for its prospective application in the bioremediation of Cd from contaminated environmental sites in Bangladesh.
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