Spatio-temporal variabilities of nutrients and chlorophyll, and the trophic state index deviations on the relation of nutrientschlorophyll– light availability
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The object of this study was to determine long-term temporal and spatial patterns of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended solids, and chlorophyll (Chl) in Chungju Reservoir, based on the dataset of 1992 – 2013, and then to develop the empirical models of nutrient-Chl for predicting the eutrophication of the reservoir. Concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were largely affected by an intensity of Asian monsoon and the longitudinal structure of riverine (Rz), transition (Tz), and lacustrine zone (Lz). This system was nitrogen-rich system and phosphorus contents in the water were relatively low, implying a P-limiting system. Regression analysis for empirical model, however, showed that Chl had a weak linear relation with TP or TN, and this was mainly associated with turbid, and nutrient-rich inflows in the system. The weak relation was associated with non-algal light attenuation coefficients (Kna), which is inversely related water residence time. Thus, values of Chl had negative functional relation (R2 = 0.25, p < 0.001) with nonalgal light attenuation. Thus, the low chlorophyll at a given TP indicated a light-limiting for phytoplankton growth and total suspended solids (TSS) was highly correlated (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.001) with non-algal light attenuation. The relations of Trophic State Index (TSI) indicated that phosphorus limitation was weak [TSI (Chl) – TSI (TP) < 0; TSI (SD) – TSI (Chl) > 0] and the effects of zooplankton grazing were also minor [TSI (Chl) – TSI (TP) > 0; TSI (SD) – TSI (Chl) > 0].
Abstract
The object of this study was to determine long-term temporal and spatial patterns of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended solids, and chlorophyll (Chl) in Chungju Reservoir, based on the dataset of 1992 – 2013, and then to develop the empirical models of nutrient-Chl for predicting the eutrophication of the reservoir. Concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were largely affected by an intensity of Asian monsoon and the longitudinal structure of riverine (Rz), transition (Tz), and lacustrine zone (Lz). This system was nitrogen-rich system and phosphorus contents in the water were relatively low, implying a P-limiting system. Regression analysis for empirical model, however, showed that Chl had a weak linear relation with TP or TN, and this was mainly associated with turbid, and nutrient-rich inflows in the system. The weak relation was associated with non-algal light attenuation coefficients (Kna), which is inversely related water residence time. Thus, values of Chl had negative functional relation (R2 = 0.25, p < 0.001) with nonalgal light attenuation. Thus, the low chlorophyll at a given TP indicated a light-limiting for phytoplankton growth and total suspended solids (TSS) was highly correlated (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.001) with non-algal light attenuation. The relations of Trophic State Index (TSI) indicated that phosphorus limitation was weak [TSI (Chl) – TSI (TP) < 0; TSI (SD) – TSI (Chl) > 0] and the effects of zooplankton grazing were also minor [TSI (Chl) – TSI (TP) > 0; TSI (SD) – TSI (Chl) > 0].
참고문헌 (35)
- 안소라, "CE-QUAL-W2를 이용한 충주호의 부유물질 및 부영양화 모의평가", 한국수자원학회 논문집, 46(11), pp.1115~1128 (2013), 한국수자원학회
- American Public Health Association(APHA), "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", American Public Health Association, ~ (1999)
- An KG, "Monsoon inflow as a major source of in-lake phosphorus", Korean J of Limnol, 33, pp.222~229 (2000)
- An KG, "Indirect influence of the summer monsoon on chlorophyll–total phosphorus models in reservoirs : a case study", Ecol Model, 152, pp.191~203 (2002)
- An KG, "Influence of seasonal monsoon on the trophic state deviation in an Asian reservoir", Water Air Soil Pollut, 145, pp.267~287 (2003)
- Brown CD, "Nutrient–chlorophyll relationships : an evaluation of empirical nutrient-chlorophyll models using Florida and northern temperate lake data", Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 57, pp.1574~1583 (2000)
- Carlson RE, "A trophic state index for lakes", Limnol Oceanogr, 22, pp.361~369 (1977)
- Carlson RE, "Enhancing the States’ Lake Management Programs", pp.59~71 (1991), USEPA
- Carlson RE, "Simple graphical methods for the interpretation of relationships between trophic state variables", Lake Reservoir Manag, 21, pp.107~118 (2005)
- Choi C, "Flood Recovery, Innovation and Response II", pp.107~118 (2010), WIT Press
- Downing JA, "The Nitrogen : phosphorus relationship in lakes", Limnol Oceanogr, 37, pp.936~945 (1992)
- Ganju NK, "Physical and biogeochemical controls on light attenuation in a eutrophic, back-barrier estuary", Biogeosciences, 11, pp.7193~7205 (2014)
- Guildford SJ, "Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nutrient limitation in lakes and oceans: Is there a common relationship?", Limnol Oceanogr, 45, pp.1213~1223 (2000)
- Haggard BE, "Trophic conditions and gradients of the headwater reaches of Beaver Lake, Arkansas", Proc Okla Acad Sci, 79, pp.73~84 (1999)
- Kennedy RH, "Reservoir Limnology: Ecological Perspectives", pp.109~131 (1990), John Wiley & Sons
- Kim B, "Eutrophication of reservoirs in South Korea", Limnology, 2, pp.223~229 (2001)
- 권혁현, "대청호 수질오염 평가를 위한 부영양도 지수산정, 공간적 구배 특성 및 경험적 모델", 한국환경과학회지, 23(9), pp.1537~1549 (2014), 한국환경과학회[DOI]
- Lee Y, "Develop-ment of a water quality index model for lakes and reservoirs", Paddy Water Environ, 12, pp.S19~S28 (2014)
- Qi Liu, "Longitudinal Variability of Phosphorus Fractions in Sediments of a Canyon Reservoir Due to Cascade Dam Construction: A Case Study in Lancang River, China", PLoS ONE, 8(12), pp.e83329~ (2013), Public Library of Science (PLoS)[DOI]
- Malve O, "Estimating nutrients and chlorophyll a relationship in Finnish lakes", Environ Sci Technol, 40, pp.7848~7853 (2006)
- Matthews R, "Determining trophic state in Lake Whatcom, Washington(USA), a soft water lake exhibiting seasonal nitrogen limitation", Hydrobiologia, 468, pp.107~121 (2002)
- Pavlidou A, "Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control", pp.111~130 (2014), Springer
- Phillips G, "Chlorophyll–nutrient relationships of different lake types using a large European dataset", Aquat Ecol, 42, pp.213~226 (2008)
- Prepas EE, "Improvements in qualifying the phosphorus concentration in lake water", Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 39, pp.822~829 (1982)
- Rogora M, "The water chemistry of some shallow lakes in Northern Patagonia and their nitrogen status in comparison with remote lakes in different regions of the globe", J Limnol, 67, pp.75~86 (2008)
- Sa SO, "The study on environmentalcharacteristics of Chungju Reservoir", Korean J Sanit, 13, pp.1~8 (1998)
- Sartory DP, "Extraction of chlorophyll-a from freshwater phytoplankton for spectrophotometric analysis", Hydrobiologia, 114, pp.177~187 (1984)
- Seitzinger SP, "Denitrification in freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems : Ecological and geochemical significance", Limnol Oceanogr, 33, pp.702~724 (1988)
- Smith VH, "The nitrogen and phosphorus dependence of algal biomass in lakes : An empirical and theoretical analysis", Limnol Oceanogr, 27, pp.1101~1112 (1982)
- Soballe DM, "Advection, phytoplankton biomass, and nutrient transformations in a rapidly flushed impoundment", Arch Hydrobiol, 105, pp.187~203 (1985)
- Sterner RW, "On the phosphorus limitation paradigmfor lakes", Int Rev Hydrobiol, 93, pp.433~445 (2008)
- Sterner RW, "C : N : P stoichiometry in Lake Superior : Freshwater sea as end member", Inland Waters, 1, pp.29~46 (2011)
- Vanni MJ, "Nutrient and light limitation of reservoir phytoplankton in relation to storm-mediated pulses in stream discharge", Arch Hydrobiol, 167, pp.421~445 (2006)
- Walker Jr WW, "An empirical analysis of phosphorus, nitrogen, turbidity effects on reservoir chlorophyll-a levels", Can Water Resour J, 7, pp.88~107 (1982)
- Xu Y, "Temporal asynchrony of trophic status between mainstream and tributary bay within a giant dendritic reservoir : The role of local-scale regulators", Water Air Soil Pollut, 219, pp.271~284 (2011)