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소위 Cronbach's alpha에 대한 종합적 고찰

A Comprehensive Review of So-called Cronbach's Alpha

조은성
한국상품학회 (Korean Academy Of Commodity Science & Technology)|2020.02|상품학연구 (Journal of Product Research)|제38권 제1호|pp. 9-20|DOI 10.36345/kacst.2020.38.1.002

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참고문헌

키워드

신뢰도 계수Cronbach’s alphatest score reliability검사점수 신뢰도reliability coefficientscronbach’s alpha
주제분류경영학

초록

알파는 흔하게 사용되고 있으나, 잘못 알려져 있는 것이 많다. 알파와 대수적으로 동등한 공식은 Kuder and Richardson (1937)이 개발하였으며, 현재 흔히 사용되고 있는 버전의 공식은 Cronbach (1951) 이전에도 Jackson and Ferguson (1941)을 비롯한 여러 연구에 의해 발표되었다. 본 연구는 알파에 대해 흔히 갖고 있는 다음의 오해를 반박한다. 1) 알파는 모든 가능한 반분에서 얻어진 Spearman-Brown 공식의 평균이다, 2) 알파는 반분 신뢰도의 평균이므로 보편적으로 사용할 수 있는 신뢰도 계수이다, 3) 알파는 0과 1 사이의 값을 갖는다, 4) 오차가 전혀 없는 경우 알파의 값은 1이다, 4) 높은 알파 값은 항목 간 동질성 혹은 단일차원성을 보여준다, 5) 높은 알파 값은 항목 간 내적일관성을 보여준다, 6) 알파 값은 .70 이상이어야 한다, 7) 알파 값이 클수록 좋은 측정이다, 8)“항목이 삭제된 경우 알파”를 이용하여 항목을 삭제하면 신뢰도가 항상 증가한다. 최근 연구들은 알파를 무조건적으로 사용하는 것에 공통적으로 반대하며, 그 대안으로는 구조방정식 기반 신뢰도가 흔히 추천된다.

Abstract

Alpha is commonly used, but many are misunderstood. An algebraic equivalent to alpha was developed by Kuder and Richardson (1937), and the commonly used version of the formula was published by several researchers, including Jackson and Ferguson (1941), before Cronbach (1951). This study counters the following common misconceptions about alpha: 1) alpha is the average of the Spearman-Brown formula obtained from all possible split-halves, 2) alpha is the general reliability coefficient because it is the average of all possible split-halves, 3) alpha has a value between zero and one, 4) if there is no error at all, the alpha value is 1, 4) high alpha values ​​show homogeneity or uni-dimensionality between items, 5) high alpha values ​​show internal consistency between items, and 6) alpha values ​​must be greater than or equal to .70, 7) the larger the alpha value is, the better the measurement is, and 8) if you delete the item using "alpha when the item is deleted," the reliability always increases. Recent studies commonly oppose the unconditional use of alpha, and as an alternative, reliability coefficients based on structural equation models are often recommended.

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