7세기 高句麗의 軍事編制와 運用

Abstract

The Military Organizations and Their Operations of the Goguryo Kingdom in the 7th Century Lee, Moon-key Analyzing war accounts of the seventh century, this study intends to make clear the aspects of military organization and operation of the late Goguryeo kingdom. Main observations can be summed up as follows. First, accounts on war between Goguryeo and Chinese Tang which occurred in 645 show a variety of military activities of the Korean kingdom's forces. Analyses of them confirm that in the seventh century the Goguryeo army consisted of the central forces and local forces. Second, the central forces assumed different aspects of existence in times of peace and war. In peacetime, they assumed the form of a force which belonged to five bu, or districts, the administrative divisions of the capital, and was commanded by yoksal, or military commandants. In wartime, the force assumed the form of march formations, such as the front force, the middle force, and the rear force, and was under the command of a newly appointed commander. Third, in peacetime the local forces were stationed in castles which varied in size. These forces were under the command of provincial governors and formed a standing army, with castle as a fundamental unit. In wartime, a network of castles and fortresses constituted a military district, and the forces stationed in castles were organized into a single military unit and were committed to offense and defense. In sum, in the seventh century the Goguryeo kingdom took on the nature of an armed-camp nation all of whose ruling structure was well constructed into military organizations.