고구려의 鐵 유통에 대한 시론적 검토

Abstract

Since iron was a key resource in ancient countries, the state would have thoroughly managed the processing and distribution of iron materials from the acquisition of iron materials. This paper is a poetic look at the iron distribution of Goguryeo under this premise. The representative iron relics of Goguryeo include the ruins of Nampadong in Nonamri, North Korea, Jangsusanseong Fortress(長壽山城) in Hwanghae-do Province, Achasan Fort No.3 and Mudeung-ri Fort No.2 in South Korea, and Qingshiling Fortress(靑石嶺山城), historic remain of Beitoudongnan(北頭東南) in Beituncun(北屯村) of China. All of these are relics from which steel was excavated, so it can be seen that steel work was carried out. The major iron production areas were Gaizhou, Dashiqiao(大石橋), Anshan(鞍山), Liaoyang(遼陽), Benxi(本溪), Tonghua(通化), Linjiang(臨江), and Dachuancun(大川村), Hoeryeong(會寧) in Hamgyeongbuk-do Province, Eunyul(殷栗), Jaeryeong(載寧) in Hwanghae-do Province, and Chungju in South Korea. These are listed as iron-producing areas in pre-modern historical records, or there are abundant iron mines in modern times. The distribution of iron was examined through the aspect of steel. Considering the excavated patterns of Qingshiling Fortress, it is highly likely that there was a smelting furnace. Since this is an area where the Han Dynasty were located Salt and iron Officer(鹽鐵官), it would have been in charge of the supply of salt and iron in the surrounding area during the Goguryeo period. It is possible that the historic remain of in Beitoudongnan was smelted because it was similar in terms of location to the ruins of Chilgeumdong in Chungju and even if not, it was reworked by receiving iron materials or processed iron nearby and distributed to the surrounding areas along the Hunjiang River(渾江), Fu'erjiang River(富爾江), and Xinkaihe River(新開河). Jangsanseong Fortress was identified as a post-second processing site. Considering the size of the fortress and its transportation routes, it is believed that the fortress was made by refining and forging it by receiving processed iron from other regions. The ruins of Achasan Fort No.3 and Mudeung-ri Fort No.2, and Nampadong, Nonam-ri, were identified as the final consumption sites for repairs of iron products in that there are no iron producing areas nearby and are military facilities and living relics on the front line. Iron distribution in Goguryeo is also related to the the location of the capital and operation and defense system. All of Goguryeo's former capitals did not have large-scale iron producing areas nearby, so iron raw materials or processed iron would have been imported from other regions. It is presumed that the selection of Goguryeo's capital emphasized the transportation of goods. On the other hand, the Liaodong(遼 東) area, which was easy to secure iron, built a large number of fortresses, but only the Hangang River basin, which was not, was built, which would have been affected by the smooth production and distribution of iron weapons.