Kinematics of Korean Labial Stop /p/ in Assimilating and Nonassimilating Contexts
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In this study, we examine a voiceless labial stop, /p/, in the assimilating /apka/ context and in the nonassimilating /apta/ context, confined to comfortable speech rate. We explore in particular the kinematic phonetic properties of lip aperture (LA), which is a derived measure from the upper and lower lip movements, using two-dimensional electromagnetic midsagittal articulography (EMMA). Seven native speakers of Seoul Korean participated in the EMMA experiment. Results showed several kinematic characteristics in the supralaryngeal level. First, temporal gestural reduction was present in three measurements. The constriction duration of LA was shorter in /pk/ (assimilating) sequences in comparison with /pt/ (nonassimilating), and so was the lip closing movement duration including the time-to-peak velocity. However, the lip opening movement duration tended to be longer in /pk/ (assimilating) sequences. There was no instance of the categorical reduction (deletion). Second, neither the vertical spatial displacements nor the constriction degrees measured at all gestural landmarks (e.g., the lip movement onset to the lip closing target) varied within different phonological contexts. A close relationship between the constriction duration and the constriction maxima was not established. Third, similar degrees of gestural overlap (e.g., equivalent target-to-target lag) were observed in both phonological contexts while variability in intergestural timing was greater in the assimilating (/pk/) context. The results are confirmation of the hypothesis of gestural reduction and gestural overlap as inducing factors of place assimilation. Temporal reduction in the lip closing movement duration in /p/ of /apka/ sequences suggests that its corresponding acoustic correlate is concurrently truncated (i.e., shorter formant transitions in VC). With respect to gestural overlap, there was greater variability between C1 and C2, which indicates less stable intergestural timing in the assimilating context /pk/. The results may suggest more vulnerability in the perception of /p/ in the assimilating (/pk/) context.
Abstract
In this study, we examine a voiceless labial stop, /p/, in the assimilating /apka/ context and in the nonassimilating /apta/ context, confined to comfortable speech rate. We explore in particular the kinematic phonetic properties of lip aperture (LA), which is a derived measure from the upper and lower lip movements, using two-dimensional electromagnetic midsagittal articulography (EMMA). Seven native speakers of Seoul Korean participated in the EMMA experiment. Results showed several kinematic characteristics in the supralaryngeal level. First, temporal gestural reduction was present in three measurements. The constriction duration of LA was shorter in /pk/ (assimilating) sequences in comparison with /pt/ (nonassimilating), and so was the lip closing movement duration including the time-to-peak velocity. However, the lip opening movement duration tended to be longer in /pk/ (assimilating) sequences. There was no instance of the categorical reduction (deletion). Second, neither the vertical spatial displacements nor the constriction degrees measured at all gestural landmarks (e.g., the lip movement onset to the lip closing target) varied within different phonological contexts. A close relationship between the constriction duration and the constriction maxima was not established. Third, similar degrees of gestural overlap (e.g., equivalent target-to-target lag) were observed in both phonological contexts while variability in intergestural timing was greater in the assimilating (/pk/) context. The results are confirmation of the hypothesis of gestural reduction and gestural overlap as inducing factors of place assimilation. Temporal reduction in the lip closing movement duration in /p/ of /apka/ sequences suggests that its corresponding acoustic correlate is concurrently truncated (i.e., shorter formant transitions in VC). With respect to gestural overlap, there was greater variability between C1 and C2, which indicates less stable intergestural timing in the assimilating context /pk/. The results may suggest more vulnerability in the perception of /p/ in the assimilating (/pk/) context.
참고문헌 (42)
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