중국철학에서 개인과 세계를 보는 방법론

Abstract

In this paper I will try to extract the four typical ways of thinking about theindividual and the world from the Chinese philsophy, that is, (1) the individual asobjectively existing as a part of the world, (2) the world as a part of the individualsubject, (3) both the individual and world must be transended, (4) both the individualsubject and the objective world are to be asserted positively as existing with the other. The first way of thinking is to be accepted the individual known as objectivelyexisting and a part of the world through class names(e.g. Mo Tzu), spatio-temporallocation(e.g. Hstin Tzu), relational thinldng(e.g. Yin-Yang school). The second way ofthinking may be called a kind of ethical idealism. Mencius, Lu Hsiang-shan, and WangYang-ming are the leading philosophers involved. The third typical way of thinkingof the individual and the world in Chinese philosophy is to think that both theindividual and the world have to be transcended. Chuang Tzu, one of the two most important Taoistic philosophers, is representative of this way. The fourth way of thinking of the individual and the world - that both exist - is a general tendency of Chinese thought. This fourth view takes the mind as both receptive and creative morally, and this view originated with Mencius and was developed in Chung yung and I ching, and was further developed by Neo-Confucianism in the Sung and Ming dynasties (960-1644).