Globalisation, (ethno)nationalism and multiple Islamisation: Forces swirling amongst Malaysia’s Malay Muslims and its implications
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Malaysia’s reputation as a moderate Muslim country has suffered due to Muslim tensions within its ummah, between the government and also Malaysia’s civil societies since the emergence of new actors such as ABIM, Darul Arqam, neo-Sufis and neo-Salafis from the 1970s to the present. Their independent growth from the UMNO-state led Islamisation programmes resulted from globalisation dynamics such as transnational connections, foreign funding and teachers, which played key roles by introducing new Islamic understandings, discourses and practices of Islam into Malaysia. This article examines how these forces formed and grew locally, their tensions within the ummah and the state, and their resulting enlarged or enfeebled presence. Implications for Christian-Muslim relations are discussed in the final section.
Abstract
Malaysia’s reputation as a moderate Muslim country has suffered due to Muslim tensions within its ummah, between the government and also Malaysia’s civil societies since the emergence of new actors such as ABIM, Darul Arqam, neo-Sufis and neo-Salafis from the 1970s to the present. Their independent growth from the UMNO-state led Islamisation programmes resulted from globalisation dynamics such as transnational connections, foreign funding and teachers, which played key roles by introducing new Islamic understandings, discourses and practices of Islam into Malaysia. This article examines how these forces formed and grew locally, their tensions within the ummah and the state, and their resulting enlarged or enfeebled presence. Implications for Christian-Muslim relations are discussed in the final section.
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