淸朝의 東北정책에 따른 吉林烏拉의 위상변화

Abstract

The center of Jilin area in Qing Dynasty used to be Jilin Ula Fortress. It started to work as the center of the area as Jilin Shipyard and the fortress were completed in 1657 and 1673, respectively. The Dynasty constructed them in the area in order to oppose to southward movement of Russia. After the border issue settled into silence as Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed, Jilin Ula became a key point in the area along with Shenyang in Liaoning to take crucial administrative and military roles for northeastern policies of Qing Dynasty. The fortress was built by fully taking advantage of the geographic and natural environments of Song Hua River. Several extension and reconstruction works thereafter to comply with increase in population and economic activities enlarged the fortress, which made it the center city in those days. Growing immigrants into the area due to the execution of Liaodongzhaokenling and the Blockade Policy(封禁政策) during Qing Dynasty resulted in rapid development over the Jilin Ula area. Those were Liuren(流人), Liumin(流民) and Eastern Tours of Emperor(淸帝東巡) who took important roles for such developments. As stated above, Jilin Ula had many immigrants from inland China during the whole era of Qing and has been evolving and developed as a political, administrative, military, and economic center of the north-eastern region.