『계축일기(癸丑日記)』와 『도사닛키(土佐日記)』의 일기문학의 환상

Abstract

“Kinotsurayuki” from the Heian period, the first Japanese journal that published before Western autobiographies, agonized over the exposure of his dual identity in the journal. The author of the 『KYECHUK Diary』 which represents the Court literature of the Joseon Dynasty, was also in conflict by displaying a “twofold oneselves” in the text. This paper attempts to examine the problem of dual identity between the author’s life and his writing, which appears in the text of the 『TOSA Diary』 and the 『KYECHUK Diary』. After perusing the text of the two works, the actual writer and the narrator are divided, forcing the readers to feel a sense of incompatibility. This is because there is a narrator’s appearance technique that is reminiscent of “The Death of the Author” by Roland Barthes. The two diary literature forms describe themselves from different points of view, so this paper tries to take the paradoxical point of departure from the very opposite point of the traditional way of organizing the diary, and to consider the roles of the narrators of “Onna” and “Nain” in the text. The preface and epilogue of the 『TOSA Diary』 and the 『KYECHUK Diary』 are a diary literature technique that assume the reader’s understanding and a paradoxical statement that ruled out the aspects of the diary’s factual record and declared that it was fiction. ‘I’ll tear it apart as soon as possible’ at the end of 『TOSA Diary』 and ‘I write it down briefly’ in the 『KYECHUK Diary』 are a lie that expected to get caught. By this unusual structure of cheating one’s personal life through mentioning tearing it up quickly at the end or briefly recording it, the two diaries avoid responsibility while simultaneously producing fiction to create a diary literature. In the 『TOSA Diary』 and the 『KYECHUK Diary』 real-life authors described their identity through the setting of the pronouns of “Onna” and “Nain”. It is to provide a way to objectively describe himself as a real writer through a first-person narrator. It was both a split of the author’s subject and a reader-conscious attempt, and a kind of performance for “showing” expressed in the desire to share their special experience. In other words, the narrator of the 『TOSA Diary』 was transformed into a woman who was a transformation of sex, and the 『KYECHUK Diary』 into Nain, a transformation of status, which was also a division of their identity. It was also a way to create reading material by creating a new character, not a new me. The subjects of these two diaries in literature, the 『TOSA Diary』 and the 『KYECHUK Diary』, are not like the subject of fiction and are clearly divided in the text. The text of the 『TOSA Diary』 and the 『KYECHUK Diary』 as diary literature was set against a chronicle, but the fictitiousness is striking because the author reconstructed it to reveal his intentions. In particular, the two texts were those that attempted to divide themselves by featuring “Onna” and “Nain” in the text as the locations of the narrator.