축제식양식장에서 사육한 돌돔, Oplegnathus fasciatus의 백점충, Crytocaryon irritans 감염 특성
Characteristics on the Crytocaryon irritans of Rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus in the embankment fish farm
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2009년 7∼12월, 축제식 양식장에서 돌돔의 백점충 감염 조사결과, 감염률은 20.0∼88.0%로 9월이높았고 7월이 낮았다. 7, 8월에는 죽는 개체가 없었으나 9월 중순 이후에는 폐사가 발생하였다. 수온 19.3∼24.3℃, 용존산소 5.0∼7.1 ㎎/L, pH 8.0∼8.1, 염분31.9∼33.7psu로 폐사 발생시의 수온은 약 24.0℃ 였다. 백점충 감염초기의 외부증상으로는 돌돔의 활력은 양호하였으나 체표에 점액분비로 번들거림을 확인 수 있었으며, 대량폐사가 발생한 시기인 10월에는점액분비 과다, 꼬리지느러미 탈락 및 발적, 체표 출혈반점과 안구충혈 증상을 보였으며 유영력이 매우저하되어 있었다. 내부증상으로 간, 장 충혈 및 비장비대 증상을 나타내었다. 백점충은 아가미의 호흡상피 아래 조직 내에 매몰되어 기생기와 자유유영기상태였음을 확인하였다. 백점충은 7월경에 감염되어수온 상승과 함께 사료급이량 증가와 돌돔의 빠른성장이 백점충 증식의 호조건 조성으로 폐사가 더욱가중된 것으로 추정되었다. 조사기간 중 간중량지수(HSI)는 1.9±1.1∼3.5±1.7 %로 폐사발생기인 9월에가장 낮았으며, 11월에 가장 높았다. 백점충에 감염된 돌돔 혈액의 헤마토크릿트 값은 7, 8월에 각각37.3%, 41.0%, 9, 10월에 각각 32.14%, 24.17%로 차이를 보였다. 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방은 7, 8월에 비해10월에 급격한 저하를 보였고, 폐사 발생후 AST는약 7배, ALT는 약 5배 높았다.
Abstract
Crytocaryon irritans infection of rock bream was investigated in embankment fish farm from July to December 2009. Prevalence variation was 20.0∼88.0% that was high in september and was low in July. While no mortality was found in July and August, it occurred after mid september. Environmental conditions during the survey period were water temperature 19.3～24.3℃, dissolved oxygen 5.0～7.1 mg L-1 and salinity 31.9～33.7 psu, and the water temperature during mortality season was 24.0℃. External symptom of the rock bream was secretion mucus but swimming showed fine in the early infected period. While, the symptoms in the severe outbreak season were excess of mucus, falling off tail and congestion, bleeding spot the surface and weakened swimming. We observed free living and parasitic stages in the gills and body surface of rock bream. Hepato somatic index (HSI) was 1.9±1.1∼3.5±1.7%, which was low in the September being mortality season but was high in November. The percentages of hematocrit infected with Crytocaryon irritans were 37.3% and 41.0% in July and August, respectively while they gradually decreased to 32.1% and 24.2% in september and October, respectively. Total cholesterol and Triglyceride values rapidly decreased by October. After mortality, AST and ALT were 7 and 5 folds higher compared to non-mortality season.
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