Case report: Mass mortality of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) caused by acute gas bubble disease
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This is the first report describing acute mass mortality occurred in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthysolivaceus) caused by gas bubble disease (GBD). A total of 610 fish (average weight = 35 g),which were more than half of the fish acclimated at 17oC in an aquarium, were killed within twodays of acclimation. The dead and moribund fish showed excessively opened opercula and mouths,and occasionally, severe exophthalmia. Through microscopic observation, numerous gas emboli werefound in the gills of the dead and live fish, while the fish were not infected with any microbialpathogens. The dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation level of the rearing water and seawater nearbythe facility reached 145% and 286%, respectively, whereas other water quality parameters (such assalinity, pH, and chemical oxygen demand) were normal. The extreme saturation rate of seawaterin the shore nearby seemed to be due to an enormous algal bloom that occurred there. Throughmolecular identification based on 18S rDNA sequences, the most dominant algal species was mostclosely related to Ulva californica (99.87% sequence identity) followed by U. prolifera, U. linza,and U. curvata (99.81%). Therefore, it can be concluded that supersaturated seawater due to massalgal bloom caused gas bubble disease in the olive flounder, leading to mass mortality. After technicaladjustment, such as increased aeration, lowered water circulation rate, and inlet water filtration usingmicro-pore carbon filters, the DO level became normal, no further mortality occurred and the statusof the fish was stabilized.
Abstract
This is the first report describing acute mass mortality occurred in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthysolivaceus) caused by gas bubble disease (GBD). A total of 610 fish (average weight = 35 g),which were more than half of the fish acclimated at 17oC in an aquarium, were killed within twodays of acclimation. The dead and moribund fish showed excessively opened opercula and mouths,and occasionally, severe exophthalmia. Through microscopic observation, numerous gas emboli werefound in the gills of the dead and live fish, while the fish were not infected with any microbialpathogens. The dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation level of the rearing water and seawater nearbythe facility reached 145% and 286%, respectively, whereas other water quality parameters (such assalinity, pH, and chemical oxygen demand) were normal. The extreme saturation rate of seawaterin the shore nearby seemed to be due to an enormous algal bloom that occurred there. Throughmolecular identification based on 18S rDNA sequences, the most dominant algal species was mostclosely related to Ulva californica (99.87% sequence identity) followed by U. prolifera, U. linza,and U. curvata (99.81%). Therefore, it can be concluded that supersaturated seawater due to massalgal bloom caused gas bubble disease in the olive flounder, leading to mass mortality. After technicaladjustment, such as increased aeration, lowered water circulation rate, and inlet water filtration usingmicro-pore carbon filters, the DO level became normal, no further mortality occurred and the statusof the fish was stabilized.
참고문헌 (15)
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