The effect of different feeding on the gut microbiome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Busan, South Korea
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The most crucial factor in the cultivation of Atlantic salmon is feeding, as it significantly influences gut health and the microbiome. However, there is limited research on how different feeding strategies affect the gut microbiome of Atlantic salmon. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing, specifically targeting the V3-V4 region, to examine the impact of two different diets－one sourced from Denmark and the other from South Korea－on the microbial community composition in the gut of Atlantic salmon, as well as on their growth performance. The results indicated that salmon fed the Danish diet achieved greater body weight and length compared to those given the South Korean diet. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in bacterial diversity－assessed through alpha diversity indices relating to richness, evenness, and overall diversity－between the two diets. In terms of phyla abundance, both diets showed a similar composition, with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes being the dominant groups. Furthermore, at the order and genus levels, the bacterial compositions were also alike. The Tax4Fun analysis revealed that both diets presented comparable microbial functional genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, ABC transporters, biosynthesis of sec- ondary metabolites, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. Overall, our results demonstrate that neither diet had a significant impact on the bacterial composition of the gut in Atlantic salmon with respect to alpha diversity, taxonomic categorization, or predictions of bacterial functional genes.
Abstract
The most crucial factor in the cultivation of Atlantic salmon is feeding, as it significantly influences gut health and the microbiome. However, there is limited research on how different feeding strategies affect the gut microbiome of Atlantic salmon. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing, specifically targeting the V3-V4 region, to examine the impact of two different diets－one sourced from Denmark and the other from South Korea－on the microbial community composition in the gut of Atlantic salmon, as well as on their growth performance. The results indicated that salmon fed the Danish diet achieved greater body weight and length compared to those given the South Korean diet. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in bacterial diversity－assessed through alpha diversity indices relating to richness, evenness, and overall diversity－between the two diets. In terms of phyla abundance, both diets showed a similar composition, with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes being the dominant groups. Furthermore, at the order and genus levels, the bacterial compositions were also alike. The Tax4Fun analysis revealed that both diets presented comparable microbial functional genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, ABC transporters, biosynthesis of sec- ondary metabolites, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. Overall, our results demonstrate that neither diet had a significant impact on the bacterial composition of the gut in Atlantic salmon with respect to alpha diversity, taxonomic categorization, or predictions of bacterial functional genes.
참고문헌 (39)
- Amin, M., "Screening and activity of potential gastrointestinal probiotic lactic acid bacteria against Yersinia ruckeri O1b", Journal of Fish Diseases, 46, pp.369~379 (2023)[DOI]
- Bolyen, E., "QIIME 2 : Reproducible, interactive, scalable, and extensible microbiome data science", PeerJ, 6, pp.e27295v2~ (2018)[DOI]
- Bozzi, D., "Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status : potential for monitoring health in farmed animals", Animal Microbiome, 3, pp.30~ (2021)[DOI]
- Butt, R. L., "Gut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish", Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10 (2019)[DOI]
- Cathers, H. S., "In silico, in vitro and in vivo characterization of host-associated Latilactobacillus curvatus strains for potential probiotic applications in farmed Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)", Scientific Reports, 12, pp.18417~ (2022)[DOI]
- De Filippo, C., "Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, pp.14691~14696 (2010)
- Dehler, C. E., "Environmental and physiological factors shape the gut microbiota of Atlantic salmon parr(Salmo salar L. )", Aquaculture, 467, pp.149~157 (2017)[DOI]
- Desai, A. R., "Effects of plant-based diets on the distal gut microbiome of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)", Aquaculture, 350-353, pp.134~142 (2012)[DOI]
- Egerton, S., "Replacing fishmeal with plant protein in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)diets by supplementation with fish protein hydrolysate", Scientific Reports, 10, pp.4194~ (2020)[DOI]
- Firmino, J. P., "Diet, Immunity, and Microbiota Interactions : An Integrative Analysis of the Intestine Transcriptional Response and Microbiota Modulation in Gilthead Seabream(Sparus aurata)Fed an Essential Oils-Based Functional Diet", Frontiers in Immunology, 12, pp.625297~ (2021)[DOI]
- Gajardo, K., "A high-resolution map of the gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): A basis for comparative gut microbial research", Scientific Reports, 6, pp.30893~ (2016)[DOI]
- Garlock, T., "Aquaculture : The missing contributor in the food security agenda", Global Food Security, 32, pp.100620~ (2022)[DOI]
- Givens, C. E., "Comparison of the gut microbiomes of 12bony fish and 3 shark species", Marine Ecology Progress Series, 518, pp.209~223 (2015)
- Hevrøy, E. M., "Effects of a high plant protein diet on the somatotropic system and cholecystokinin in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L. )", Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &Integrative Physiology, 151, pp.621~627 (2008)[DOI]
- Huyben, D., "Dietary Lipid : Protein Ratio and n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alters the Gut Microbiome of Atlantic Salmon Under Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions", Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, pp.589898~ (2020)[DOI]
- Józefiak, A., "Effect of two insect meals on the gut commensal microbiome of healthy sea trout(Salmo trutta vr. trutta)", BMC Veterinary Research, 19, pp.124~ (2023)[DOI]
- Kanehisa, M., "KEGG for taxonomy-based analysis of pathways and genomes", Nucleic Acids Research, 51, pp.D587~D592 (2022)[DOI]
- Lavoie, C., "Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after Stocking", Microorganisms. DOI, 10, pp.3390~ (2021)[DOI]
- Legrand, T. P. R. A., "A microbial sea of possibilities : current knowledge and prospects for an improved understanding of the fish microbiome", Reviews in Aquaculture, 12, pp.1101~1134 (2020)[DOI]
- Li, H., "Modulation of the gut microbiota by processed food and natural food : evidence from the Siniperca chuatsi microbiome", PeerJ, 12, pp.e17520~ (2024)[DOI]
- Liu, C., "microeco : an R package for data mining in microbial community ecology", FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 97, pp.1093~ (2020)[DOI]
- Llewellyn, M. S., "The biogeography of the atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)gut microbiome", The ISME Journal, 10, pp.1280~1284 (2016)[DOI]
- López Nadal, A., "Feed, Microbiota, and Gut Immunity : Using the Zebrafish Model to Understand Fish Health", Frontiers in Immunology, 11 (2020)[DOI]
- Lyons, P. P., "Phylogenetic and functional characterization of the distal intestinal microbiome of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from both farm and aquarium settings", Journal of Applied Microbiology, 122, pp.347~363 (2017)[DOI]
- Miclotte, L., "Food process ing, gut microbiota and the globesity problem", Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60, pp.1769~1782 (2020)[DOI]
- Navarro-Guillén, C., "The role of feeding as synchronizer of gut microbiota dynamics and its potential contribution to protein digestion in greater amberjack(Seriola dumerili)", Frontiers in Marine Science, 11 (2024)[DOI]
- Quast, C., "The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project : improved data processing and web-based tools", Nucleic Acids Research, 41, pp.D590~D596 (2012)[DOI]
- Reveco, F. E., "Intestinal bacterial community structure differs between healthy and inflamed intestines in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)", Aquaculture, 420-421, pp.262~269 (2014)[DOI]
- Rimoldi, S., "Interactions between nutritional programming, genotype, and gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon : Long-term effects on gut microbiota, fish growth and feed efficiency", Aquaculture, 596, pp.741813~[DOI]
- Sandbakken, I. S., "Replacing fishmeal with salmon hydrolysate reduces the expression of intestinal inflammatory markers and modulates the gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)", Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, pp.1376516~ (2024)[DOI]
- Tawfik, M. M., "Modulation of gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic capacity after nutritional programming with a plant-rich diet in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar) : insights across developmental stages", Animal Microbiome, 6, pp.38~ (2024)[DOI]
- Uren Webster, T. M., "Environmental plasticity and colonisation history in the Atlantic salmon microbiome : A translocation experiment", Molecular Ecology, 29, pp.886~898 (2020)[DOI]
- Vestrum, R. I., "Bacterial community assembly in Atlantic cod larvae(Gadus morhua) : contributions of ecological processes and metacommunity structure", FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 96 (2020)[DOI]
- Wang, C., "Intestinal microbiota of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in a recirculating aquaculture system", Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 36, pp.414~426 (2018)[DOI]
- Wemheuer, F., "Tax4Fun2 : prediction of habitat-specific functional profiles and functional redundancy based on 16S rRNA gene sequences", Environmental Microbiome, 15, pp.11~ (2020)[DOI]
- Weththasinghe, P., "Modulation of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic capacity by feeding diets with processed black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)larvae meals and fractions", Animal Microbiome, 4, pp.9~ (2022)[DOI]
- Zarkasi, K. Z., "Pyrosequencing-based characterization of gastrointestinal bacteria of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L. )within a commercial mariculture system", Journal of Applied Microbiology, 117, pp.18~27 (2014)[DOI]
- Zhang, Z., "Host Age Affects the Development of Southern Catfish Gut Bacterial Community Divergent From That in the Food and Rearing Water", Frontiers in Microbiology, 9 (2018)[DOI]