A Comparative Study of Lexical Bundles in Academic Writings between 2001-2010 and 2011-2020
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study aimed to explore the use of bundles in the field of English education and to trace their development between 2001 and 2020 by compiling two corpora of PhD dissertations that add up to 2,390,093 words. The bundles have changed significantly in length, structure, and function over the past two decades, suggesting that the field of English education changes quickly. Regarding length, the percentage of three-word bundles has increased from 92.2% to 93.4%, whereas that of four-word bundles has decreased from 7.8% to 5.4%. Structurally, patterns such as “noun phrase + of,” “of + noun phrase,” and “in + noun phrase” have decreased in the last decade, while patterns like “noun phrase” have increased. Functionally, the proportion of research-oriented bundles has increased by 4.4%, while the percentages of text-oriented and participant-oriented bundles have dropped by 3.8% and .6%, respectively. At the same time, similarities across corpora have also been observed: three-word bundles make up an overwhelming proportion of the bundles; most of the bundles are noun-based or preposition-based; research-oriented bundles make up the largest percentage, followed by text-oriented bundles, with participant-oriented bundles accounting for a significantly small percentage. This study may have important implications for writers, teachers, students, textbook developers, and researchers in English education.
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the use of bundles in the field of English education and to trace their development between 2001 and 2020 by compiling two corpora of PhD dissertations that add up to 2,390,093 words. The bundles have changed significantly in length, structure, and function over the past two decades, suggesting that the field of English education changes quickly. Regarding length, the percentage of three-word bundles has increased from 92.2% to 93.4%, whereas that of four-word bundles has decreased from 7.8% to 5.4%. Structurally, patterns such as “noun phrase + of,” “of + noun phrase,” and “in + noun phrase” have decreased in the last decade, while patterns like “noun phrase” have increased. Functionally, the proportion of research-oriented bundles has increased by 4.4%, while the percentages of text-oriented and participant-oriented bundles have dropped by 3.8% and .6%, respectively. At the same time, similarities across corpora have also been observed: three-word bundles make up an overwhelming proportion of the bundles; most of the bundles are noun-based or preposition-based; research-oriented bundles make up the largest percentage, followed by text-oriented bundles, with participant-oriented bundles accounting for a significantly small percentage. This study may have important implications for writers, teachers, students, textbook developers, and researchers in English education.
참고문헌 (39)
- Biber, D., "Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers", English for Specific Purposes, 26(3), pp.263~286 (2007)
- Biber, D., "If you look at...: Lexical bundle in university teaching and textbooks", Applied Linguistics, 25(3), pp.371~405 (2004)
- Biber, D., "Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English" (1999), Pearson
- Candarli, D., "A longitudinal study of multi-word constructions in L2 academic writing : The effects of frequency and dispersion", Reading and Writing, 34, pp.1191~1223 (2021)[DOI]
- Candarli, D., "Paradigmatic influences on lexical bundles in research articles in the discipline of education", Corpora, 14(2), pp.237~263 (2019)[DOI]
- Chen, Y. H., "Investigating critical discourse features across second language development : Lexical bundles in rated learner essays, CEFR B1, B2 and C1", Applied Linguistics, 37(6), pp.849~880 (2016)
- Conklin, K., "Formulaic sequences: Are they processed more quickly than nonformulaic language by native and nonnative speakers?" (2008), Oxford University Press
- Cortes, V., "The purpose of this study is to : Connecting lexical bundles and moves in research article introductions", Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 12, pp.33~43 (2013)[DOI]
- Coxhead, A., "Phraseology in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching", pp.149~162 (2008), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Cunnigham, K. J., "A phraseological exploration of recent mathematics research articles through key phrase frames", Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 25, pp.71~83 (2017)
- Edmonds, A., "Collocational development during a stay abroad", Languages, 6(12), pp.1~17 (2021)[DOI]
- Esfandiari, R., "A contrastive corpus-driven study of lexical bundles between English writers and Persian writers in psychology research articles", Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 29, pp.21~42 (2017)
- Granger, S., "Phraseology: Theory, analysis, and applications", pp.145~160 (1998), Oxford University Press
- Hoffman, S., "Grammaticalization and English complex" (2005), A corpus-based study. Routledge
- Hong, A. L., "Specificity in English for academic purposes(EAP) : A corpus analysis of lexical bundles in academic writing", 3L : The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 24(2), pp.82~94 (2018)[DOI]
- 홍지윤, "Structural Use of Lexical Bundles in the Rhetorical Moves of L1 and L2 Academic Writing", 영어교육, 74(3), pp.29~54 (2019), 한국영어교육학회
- Hyland, K., "Academic clusters : Text patterning in published and postgraduate writing", International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18, pp.41~62 (2008)
- Hyland, K., "As can be seen : Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation", English for specific purposes, 27(1), pp.4~21 (2008)
- Hyland, K., "Academic lexical bundles : How are they changing", International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 23(4), pp.383~407 (2018)
- Lewis, M., "The lexical approach: The state of ELT and a way forward" (1993), Language Teaching Publications
- Liu, J., "A corpus-based comparative study on lexical bundles in native and Chinese scholars’ English abstracts―Taking linguistics and chemistry as an example", Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 42(4), pp.488~502 (2019)
- Ma, R., "Frequency effect of formulaic sequences on CAF in academic writing : Examples from L2 master’s theses", Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 43(4), pp.489~505 (2020)
- Meng, Q. N., "The changes of English marginal modal constructions―Linguistic motion chart analysis based on diachronic corpus data", Technology Enhanced Foreign Languages, 190, pp.103~112 (2019)
- Mohammadi, M., "The effects of lexical chunks teaching on EFL intermediate learners’ speaking fluency", International Journal of Instruction, 11(3), pp.179~192 (2018)
- Nekrasova-Beker, T., "Advances in corpus-based research on academic writing: Effects of discipline, register, and writer expertise", pp.228~254 (2020), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Nergis, A., "Can explicit instruction of formulaic sequences enhance L2 oral fluency", Lingua, 255, pp.1~21 (2021)[DOI]
- Nesselhauf, N., "Collocations in a learner corpus" (2005), John Benjamins
- Omidian, T., "A cross-disciplinary investigation of multi-word expressions in the moves of research article abstracts", Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 36, pp.1~14 (2018)
- Ren, J. Q., "Variability and functions of lexical bundles in research articles of applied linguistics and pharmaceutical sciences", Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 50, pp.100968~ (2021)
- Schmitt, N., "Researching vocabulary: A vocabulary research manual" (2010), Palgrave Macmillan
- Shirazizadeh, M., "Lexical bundles in theses, articles and textbooks of applied linguistics : Investigating intradisciplinary uniformity and variation", Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 49, pp.100946~ (2021)[DOI]
- Siyanova-Chanturia, A., "Multi-word expressions in learner writing : A large-scale longitudinal investigation", Language Learning, 70(2), pp.420~463 (2020)
- Szudarski, P., "Corpus linguistics for vocabulary: A guide for research" (2018), Routledge
- Taguchi, N., "Building language blocks in L2 Japanese : Chunk learning and the development of complexity and fluency in spoken production", Foreign Language Annals, 41(1), pp.132~156 (2008)
- Tavakoli, P., "To what extent are multiword sequences associated with oral fluency", Language Learning, 70(2), pp.506~547 (2020)[DOI]
- Vercellotti, M. L., "Multiword sequences in English language learners’speech : The relationship between trigrams and lexical variety across development", System, 98, pp.1~13 (2021)[DOI]
- Wood, D., "Formulaic language and Second language speech fluency: Background, evidence and classroom applications" (2010), Continuum
- Wray, A., "Formulaic language and the lexicon" (2002), Cambridge University Press
- Yoon, H. -J., "Association strength of verb-noun combinations in experiences NS and less experiences NNS writing : Longitudinal and cross-sectional findings", Journal of Second Language Writing, 34, pp.42~57 (2016)