1960년대 전후 전북 군산지역의 수산업 사정과 수산교육

Abstract

With the long and complicated coastline and the different coastal environments from those of the East Sea and West Sea, such as mud flat ecological condition, the fishing industry over the west coast region of Jeollabuk-do as a major base of occupation for fishermen has drawn keen attention. It was a field of competition and exchange among Korea, China, and Japan since ancient times. Notably, during the Japanese colonial period, the fishing industry over the region adjacent to Gunsan was a base for fishermen when Gunsan port opened in 1899. It was also known as a center for production and distribution. Thereafter, the modern history of the fishing industry over the West Coast region proceeded up to the present, involving exploitations, recoveries, overfishing, etc. In addition, the historical features for the 50 years of the regional fisheries cooperative union, which started as Gunsan Fishermen’s Union in 1934 during the Japanese colonial era were examined, and the historical progress for 70 years up to the 2000s also was analyzed. With the historical investigation on fishery education in Jeollabuk-do, events were held in 2015 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of modern fishery education after 'Gunsan Public Simplified Fishery School' was founded as Korea's first modern fishery school in Gunsan, which was a focus city of western sea fisheries in April 1915 during the Japanese colonial era. The fishery school was developed into Gunsan Fishery Junior College, Gunsan Fishery Technical School, Gunsan Fishery Technical College, and then finally the Ocean Science School of Kunsan National University. Accordingly, the focus is on fishery changes in the Gunsan and Jeollabuk-do regions, particularly around the 1960s after national liberation and the Korean War. On top of that, local fisheries and fishery education conditions over these regions are examined, including 1) transition from catching to farming, namely, transition into multiplication and aquaculture, 2) advancement into deep-sea fishery over the South China Sea, etc., 3) restructuring and development of local fisheries, and 4) educational changes as a coastal expert training institution. Specifically, 『Haegyeong (海耕)』(1965), which was a school magazine found in the local magazine DB search project, and 『The Journal』(1967-1978) of Gunsan Fishery Technical College and Gunsan Fishery Technical School are examined to clarify the fishing industry and fishery education conditions over Jeollabuk-do and Gunsan regions around the 1960s.