임금분포 확대와 노동력 수급 불균형
Increase in Wage Dispersion and Mismatch in Labor Demand and Supply
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본 연구는 우리나라 임금분포의 변화를 노동수요와 공급의 변화를 통해 설명하고, 이를 토대로 정책적 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 노동수요는 상위 기능 근로자에 대해 상대적으로 빠르게 증가하고 있으며, 중위에서 감소하고 하위에 일부 증가하는 전형적인 중위 위축 양상(hollowing in the middle)을 보인다. 노동공급의 경우 고학력화를 통해 양적으로는 상위권 공급이 증가하였지만, 질적인 측면에서는 오히려 최상위권 공급이 부진하여 임금 분포 확대의 원인이 된 것으로 평가된다. 이는 중간밀집형 인력을 양산하고 있는 현재의 획일적인 교육체제의 부작용이라고 평가되며, 효율적인 노동공급을 위한 인력 양성 체계에 대한 전반적인 검토가 필요하다고 판단된다.
Abstract
This paper uses the changes in labor demand and supply to explain the recent changes in wage dispersion. Labor demand has shown the typical “hollowing in the middle,” in which labor demand increases relatively at the top and bottom of the skill distribution. Labor supply appears to have increased quantitatively at the top of skill distribution, but in fact, a shortage in supply is apparent qualitatively at the top of skill distribution, which is accountable for the increase in wage dispersion. This qualitative mismatch in labor supply appears to have arisen from the standardized education system that has suppressed the diversity in students and force them to be rather “uniform.”
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